This paper analyses the role of regional context on innovation persistency of firms. Using the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced firms' innovative behaviour from 2002 to 2012, in terms of four Schumpeterian types of innovation: product, process, organizational, and marketing. Controlling for an extensive set of firm-level characteristics, we find that certain regional characteristics matter for innovation persistency of firms. In particular, those firms located in regions with: (i) thicker labour market or (ii) higher extent of knowledge spillover exhibit higher probability of being persistent innovators up to 14 percentage points. Such higher persistency is mostly pronounced for product innovators.

The literature in the Strategic Entrepreneurship (SE) is increasingly embracing the concept and implications of knowledge spillovers. In this paper, we add to the theoretical repertoire on SE and knowledge spillovers by investigating the types of knowledge spillovers and what they imply for various dimensions of SE. On the one hand, we distinguish between spatial and aspatial knowledge spillovers. On the other hand, we distinguish between three dimensions of SE, i.e. inputs, resource orchestration, and output. Finally, we conceptually link the various types of knowledge spillovers and dimensions of SE and discuss the implications. Doing so, we argue that spatial knowledge spillovers (inter-firm) has received the major attention in previous research in increasing the amount of ‘inputs’ dimension of SE, while the aspatial knowledge (either inter-regional or intra-firm) has been relatively neglected not only for ‘inputs’, but also for ‘resource orchestration’ dimension. At the end, the paper provides suggestions for future research.

This paper analyzes the effect of various innovation strategies (ISs) of firms on their future performance, captured by labor productivity. Using five waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced the innovative behavior of firms over a decade, that is, from 2002 to 2012. We defined ISs to be either simple or complex (in various degrees). We call an IS a simple IS when firms engage in only one of the four types of Schumpeterian innovations, that is, product, process, marketing, or organizational, while a complex IS is when firms simultaneously engage in more than one type. The main findings indicate that those firms that choose and afford to have complex ISs are better off in terms of their future productivity in comparison with those firms that choose not to innovative (base group) and also in comparison with those firms that choose simple ISs. The results are mostly robust for those complex innovators that have a higher degree of complexity and also keep the balance between technological (product and process) and non-technological (organizational and marketing) innovations.

This paper analyzes various innovation strategies of firms. Using five waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced the innovative behavior of firms over a 10-year period, i.e. between 2002 and 2012. We distinguish between sixteen innovation strategies, which compose of Schumpeterian four types of innovations (process, product, marketing, and organizational) plus various combinations of these four types. First, we find that firms are not homogenous in choosing innovation strategies, instead, they have a wide range of preferences when it comes to innovation strategy and some of the innovation strategies are "commonly" used among firms. Second, using Transition Probability Matrix, we found that firms also persist to have such a diverse innovation strategy preferences. Finally, using Multinomial Logit model, we explained the determinant of each and every innovation strategies, while we gave special attention to the commonly used innovation strategies among firms.

JOBNAME: Picard PAGE: 1 SESS: 5 OUTPUT: Fri Jan 23 14:35:50 2015 4. Media clusters and metropolitan knowledge economy Charlie Karlsson and Philippe Rouchy Since the mid-1990s, the interrelationship between ICT, the location of media consortia and. .. 

This paper analyzes the persistency in innovation behavior of firms. Using five waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced the innovative behavior of firms over a ten-year period, i.e., between 2002 and 2012. We distinguish between four types of innovations: process, product, marketing, and organizational innovations. First, using transition probability matrix, we found evidence of (unconditional) state dependence in all types of innovation, with product innovators having the strongest persistent behavior. Second, using a dynamic probit model, we found evidence of "true" state dependency among all types of innovations, except marketing innovators. Once again, the strongest persistency was found for product innovators.

Regional economic development has experienced considerable dynamism over the recent past. Perhaps the most stunning cases are China and India rising to emergent country status by the turn of the millennium, when most development economists believed in the mid to late twentieth century that such developments could not and would never occur. Paralleling these developments are similar stories of rapid growth at both the national (for example, the four little dragons-Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan; and also Malaysia and Brazil) and the sub-national regional level, which are elaborated on below. With time now for hindsight, some of the reasons these development successes are beginning to emerge are becoming known. The four little dragons' success is tied to what has come to be known as export-dominated development. By focusing on sizeable export markets for non-durable and to some extent durable goods at first and then later, on durables coupled with disciplined, educated and educable labor forces, these countries rose to developed status by the closing decade of the twentieth century. While all of this was going on, new thinking about economic growth-such as the 'new growth theory', along with recognition of emerging patterns of change such as agglomeration, clustering and entrepreneurship-began to modify the quasi-static development views of the neo-classical perspective on economic growth that had changed little since the 1950s following the work of Solow.

Metropolitan growth has been dramatic in the industrialized countries since the Second World War. Today, metropolitan regions are increasingly recognized as the national growth and development engines in a globalizing world (Jacobs 1984; Huggins 1997), and in particular as the driving forces in national as well as global innovation processes (Shefer and Frenkel 1998). In the industrialized countries, the metropolitan regions play a critical role not only as major generators of value added but also as major nodes for creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship as well as for communication and transportation. In line with Duranton and Puga (2005), one could claim that metropolitan regions are functionally specialized in the invention and creation on new products, i.e. innovation. Thus, since they are highly diversified and contain a broad range of different types of industries, local business services and firm sizes, they function as “incubator cities” (Chinitz 1961) or “nursery cities” (Duranton and Puga 2001), i.e. as superior ‘incubators’ for the development of innovations and for the development and growth of both new and small firms. 

Metropolitan regions are advantageous location for new export products due to factors such as external economies, diversified industry environment and a large share of skilled labour. This is the main assumption of this paper. What happens to these products when the technology becomes common knowledge? Using empirical data on exports, we find that products with a high specialisation in the metropolitan region have a tendency to be successful in the non-metropolitan regions subsequent years. Also, this export product diffusion does not seem to be related to a location in the immediate proximity to the metropolitan region. Instead, the recipient regions are mainly characterised as being centrally located in its labour market region, having a high share of highly educated individuals. Features related product standardisation such as a large manufacturing sector and low labour costs cannot be distinguished as prominent features.