Climate change calls for rapid and extensive transition worldwide, and citizen empowerment is a key to change at city district level. A backcasting study in Stockholm?s recent brownfield development Hammarby Sjo?stad explores this, asking: ?What must local actors do to reduce citizens? consumption-based emissions by half till 2030? ?Individual actors? transition pathways are explorative and concern ground transport, food, housing, aviation and other consumption. In a quantitative scenario, these pathways are scaled up to district level, asking ?How many actors must do how much, to reach the target?? An interwoven qualitative approach highlights organizational aspects. The upscaled backcasting scenario is normative, in part prognostic and explorative. Feasibility is ensured through integrating the issues of ?What to Change? and? Change by Whom?. Results indicate that the local target is feasible if most actors maximize the use of their individual transition pathways. Additionally, Stockholm City and other external actors must realize their targets, including technological development. New organizational models must involve energy managers, supermarkets, car sharing companies etc. as change agents. The whole is catalyzed by a citizen engagement process, driven by local network builder and transition agent ElectriCITY, enabled through action research within the Sharing Cities Sweden research and innovation program.

This report summarizes master students’ assessment of the district HammarbySjöstad in Stockholm. The aim of the students’ work was to assess thesustainability of three sub-districts of Hammarby Sjöstad through the CityLabcertificationtool. Additionally, the students should find other relevantsustainability issues, which are not included in the certification. Finally, the roleof ElectriCITY, a citizen initiative in the district is discussed, since another aimof this report was to use the CityLab tool to connect their activities to the UNSustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Hammarby Sjöstad – although being presented as a sustainable example – stillshows much room for improvement, according to the students’ assessment. Interms of service availability, safety, public spaces and storm water treatment,the district already performs quite well. Improvements could be made to reachthe targets set by CityLab for energy use in buildings, residual waste andsustainable travel and other. Other issues found by the students were relatedto private consumption, connection of residents with nature, water use andmany others. In order to be able to improve these issues in Hammarby Sjöstad,the students suggest measures in the form of activity plans, which containpossible ideas and solutions for each of the issues, as well as suggestions, whocan implement them. The feasibility of these solutions in a newly built districtas well as the role of ElectriCITY in implementing them and to what extent theCityLab-certification actually measures/adresses the sustainability of a districtare discussed.Some of the solutions are seen as unfeasible, since they are too expensive ordifficult to argue for, since they require a major physical change, like changingthe insulation of the buildings. Other ideas related to education, betteranalyses of the relevant indicators and community initiatives might be easier toimplement. The students see ElectriCITY in the role of the coordinator, initiatorand mediator of possible projects. Through connecting the ElectriCITY activitiesas well as their aims and visions to the CityLab targets, the connection of theinitiative to the SDGs is drawn. The closest relation can be found to the goalsthat deal with energy use and climate impacts, as well as sustainable cities andconsumption. Another possible focus that is discussed is partnerships on thegoals, since the initiative already focuses on partnerships and connectionswithin a smaller range.

“Renewing a New City” is the vision of citizen initiative HS2020, established in the ongoing brownfield development of Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm. Previous research indicates that there is a potential to further develop the Sjöstad, contributing to urban sustainable development. The Sjöstad is internationally renowned for its environmental profile and refurbishment lies in the far future. Therefore, this is of great general interest, although HS2020 in itself is totally unique.

This paper presents a futures study exploring how HS2020 could work also with Collaborative Consumption, i.e. the residents’ sharing of goods, services, and space instead of owning it. It uses elements of explorative and normative scenario approaches to create future images of Hammarby Sjöstad in 2020. The images incorporate Collaborative Consumption in six established HS2020 sub-projects, on e.g. Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Interactive ICT, Recycling and Electric Vehicles. The images were generated through workshops with participants from the citizen initiative, with inputs from a literature review.

In the HS2020 projects, sharing could take the form of Collaborative Lifestyles, Redistribution Markets or Product Service Systems. It could be open for anyone, restricted to members, or to residents within a building. These different groups could also initiate, own and maintain the sharing solution. Other potential actors are private companies, the municipality and non-profit organizations. Qualitative assessment indicates that Collaborative Consumption in the Sjöstad projects could reduce energy use and other environmental impacts. It could also help building local community, but realisation in itself also calls for elements of community and trust among participants.

How does the citizens’ initiative HS2020 realise its vision to ”Renew a New City District”? We followed the project organisation development between 2011-2014 and we applied strategic niche management and elements of actor network theory in order to assess barriers and opportunities. Hammarby Sjöstad is, since 1997, internationally renowned for its environmental ambitions. HS2020’s visions are an extension and further development of the latter, exploring potential contributions to sustainable urban development. HS2020 has been developing an actor network to implement projects in electric mobility, energy efficiency, culture and ICT. It is a unique but instructive initiative: if realised, its visions contribute profoundly to Swedish environmental quality objectives. It offers a little explored approach to city district management, between construction and refurbishment. Its potential contribution to sustainable urban development makes it important to explore and fine-tune the organisational elements for similar processes in other city districts.

Internationally, Stockholm’s brownfield development Hammarby Sjöstad is seen as one of the world’s highest profile examples of Sustainable City Development. Is its energy efficiency already optimal, or is there an untapped potential for "Renewing a New City", for example through the innovative implementation of ICT? This is the main issue of the study reported in this paper. In the mid 1990s, after some five years of comprehensive planning, the City's politicians and leading officials agreed that Hammarby Sjöstad should be the Olympic Village when applying for the 2004 Olympic Games. To strengthen the application, an environmental programme was passed in the city parliament, a project team comprising representatives of the main city administrations was established, and the team was given the task of injecting the novel features of the programme into an ongoing, ordinary planning process [1, 2]. In 1997, the Olympic committee gave the Games to Athens. Nonetheless, the environmental programme and the project team were retained, and for more than a decade of construction the area has been marketed as a spearhead of urban sustainable development [3, 4]. However, evaluations indicate that its energy efficiency is average if benchmarked towards other developments of the same period [5]. Dispersion is wide, a factor three. As part of development, the national government subsidized a number of projects to support the environmental profile, some of them being targeted towards ICT and "smart homes" technology [6, 7, 8, 9]. This is interesting, since it is often argued that the innovative application of ICT should markedly increase energy efficiency [10]. In research at KTH, Stockholm, we therefore explore this as applied to Hammarby Sjöstad: To what extent do systems rely on smart infrastructure to control energy use and its impacts – in the electric system, in the district heating? Does ICT integrate citywide and local energy system components through automation, does ICT interact with operators, managers or residents, informing or persuading them to be energy efficient? For the purpose of this study, smart infrastructure is defined as systems that make it easy for users and managers to keep energy use and its impacts low, without compromising utility or comfort Data is collected from documents and interviews. Eight real estate units with elements of smart infrastructure were identified. Thus, about 5 per cent of the flats have this feature, mainly to automatically integrate novel components such as photovoltaics or geothermal energy into the large-scale ordinary energy systems. There is also a single example of a passive house. This is the only Sjöstad real estate unit to comply with the original energy objectives of using no more than 60 kWh/m2yr. The addition of local energy sources to a large-scale energy system influences the routines of operators and managers, introducing an element of smartness. It was also found that in a few cases, buildings were provided with “smart homes technology”, i.e. ICT that actively interacts with the residents. However, findings indicate that some of the technology does not function properly or has already become obsolete. In three cases, managers and owners are ignorant whether an element of smart infrastructure is operational or not. On the other hand, already from 2000 on, the district was provided with a comprehensive fibre network, which is still up to date. From this follows that on district level the potential for smart infrastructure is there, but as mentioned it is only in part utilised in the individual buildings.

Scenario methods are used and taught in a variety of courses related to sustainable development by teachers at KTH – the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. In this article we explore how futures studies approaches, understood in a wide sense, can contribute to education for sustainable development. Based on our experiences from these courses, we identify positive outcomes as well as some key challenges. The four courses presented and discussed in the paper include 3rd through 5th year courses from engineering programmes in urban planning, media technology, and industrial design.

This paper presents a new five-part method for developing goal-based socio-technical scenarios. In the first part, Scenario 'Seeds' are identified or created. The Scenario Content part focuses on the question of what could be changed and by whom, a fundamental element being iterative identification of objects and actors of change. Scenario Outcome focuses on the question of how to assess the potential contribution of these changes, estimated through modelling the scenario in terms of energy usage systems. Scenario Process explores the question of how to develop and represent a scenario in terms of a process of governance. Scenario Content, Outcome and Process are then combined into a Final Scenario which is further assessed and evaluated using qualitative methods. The development of Scenario Content is tested and exemplified in this paper through a scenario study of green mobility in the district of Bromma in Stockholm, Sweden. Preliminary findings indicate that by supporting explicit inclusion of actors and 'the social' aspect, the what-who iteration in Scenario Content also helps identify opportunities and obstacles of a social character, thus contributing to creation of socio-technically more consistent and comprehensive scenarios.

"What if the renewal of Rinkeby-Kista, Stockholm, were to make it part of a 2 kW Society?" Renewal of the city district's 25 000 flats from the 1970s is due and a network organisation, "Järva Boost" is established. A cross-disciplinary team of KTH researchers develop a computerised model to simulate energy efficiency gains resulting from actors' decisions. Inputs are measures that building owners, energy providers, residents, planners etc. might propose. They can be technical institutional or socio-cultural. Outputs are energy use in kW/person and CO2 emissions. To guide model development, an "ideal type" usage situation is outlined. The energy system is modelled "upstream" from end use, to identify larger efficiency potentials. The model interface is designed to enable the "staging" of actors' negotiations: The manager influences the properties of the climate shell, the residents the energy used for cooking, and the energy provider the primary energy mix. The concepts of "Household Activities System" and "Energy Usage Systems" give theoretical framework for modelling. The former conceptualises residents' activities, the latter the technology providing services to the activity. Simulations give contrasting outcomes: "business as usual" vs. "most favourable". Used in practice, simulations might simplify negotiations and coming to agreement.

This article examines the environmental management of Stockholm's large brownfield development Hammarby Sjöstad through the concept of negotiating sustainabilities. An Environmental Programme injected exceptional aims into an ongoing, ordinary planning process involving developers, consultants, contractors and other stakeholders. In parallel, a project team was established and given the task of realising aims through governing, networking, negotiation and persuasion. Discourse theory is used to analyse the epistemological disagreement between actors on how to operationalise the aims. Theories on governance networks and meta-governance facilitate the understanding of the project team's role in negotiations. The analysis is divided into two parts: ‘Playing the game’ focuses on the aim contents and how these were negotiated between actors, while ‘… but the game was staged’ highlights how negotiations were conditioned from the outside. The results indicate that negotiations on, for example, development contracts were circumscribed by a prehistory of institutional and interactive positioning, thus leaving only a small imprint on the actual outcome. Negotiations during events unburdened by path dependency affected outcomes more. Staging of the project team's activities was initially strong, but gradually waned. Learning within the team was rapid and gradually resulted in a higher level of aim fulfilment. After 10 years, learning is clearly discernible in other Stockholm developments too, such as the Royal Seaport. International interest, as manifested through study visits to the area, remains high. The main general lessons learned include the need for introducing exceptional aims and project organisations early in the project, and the potentially positive effects of active networking to increase actor collaboration and thus the project's field of options.

This paper describes a backcasting study focusing on fulfilment of a national target to decrease energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings by 50% by 2050 compared with the consumption in 1995, and identifying possible measures for achieving it. A method based on a combination of backcasting methodology and focus group methodology was used. Two different scenarios were developed. They were used in discussions with stakeholders in the building sector, to explore and identify measures and actors important for target fulfillment. The main outcomes were ideas for strategies and measures needed to achieve the target. The current potential for target fulfilment was also analysed and discussed. The discussions in the different stakeholder groups were mainly concerned with changes in attitude and behaviour and the need for radical changes in social structures. For example, enhanced communication between actors in the building chain, and the need for relevant feedback in order to illustrate the link between the effort in decreasing energy use and actual outcome. The findings suggest that there is sufficient technical potential to achieve the target by 2050 but that this potential will not be realised to a sufficient extent. Achieving the target would be facilitated by policy that is oriented more towards identifying actors with direct influence to promote change. An analysis of incentives for these actors to act, and how different actors can cooperate for energy-efficient solutions should be integrated into the process of suggesting and implementing policy measures.