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Publications (10 of 29) Show all publications
Teoh, Y. C., Anund Vogel, J., Sadrizadeh, S. & Gram, A. (2026). CFD study on performance of portable air cleaner on infection risk and draught rate in care homes. Indoor Environments, 3(1), Article ID 100151.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>CFD study on performance of portable air cleaner on infection risk and draught rate in care homes
2026 (English)In: Indoor Environments, E-ISSN 2950-3620, Vol. 3, no 1, article id 100151Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly population experienced disproportionately high mortality rates, with care homes reporting significantly elevated casualties. Care homes constitute a unique built environment with combined elements of healthcare and residential facilities, yet they remain underexplored in ventilation and infection risk research. Methods: The present study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the performance of portable air cleaner (PAC) on infection risk and impact on draught rate. Different placements of PAC were investigated to evaluate the impact on infection risk and draught rate. A modified Wells-Riley model was used to evaluate infection risk, and the draught rate was evaluated by using Fanger's draught rate model. Results: The findings reveal that PAC can reduce infection risk (reduction of 75 %-86 %) and achieve an acceptable draught rate (< 10 %). However, three cases showed that improper PAC placement failed to significantly reduce infection risk. Different placements of PAC resulted in distinct airflow patterns and led to 74 % variation of infection risk, highlighting the importance of strategic deployment. Placing PAC closer to susceptible individuals, such as the elderly, resulted in a low infection risk. Placing PAC in the centre of the room led to the lowest infection risk but impractical due to tripping hazards. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the deployment of PAC in care homes can deliver a promising reduction in infection risk with an acceptable draught rate. Placement of PAC requires thorough consideration such as guidance by numerical simulations to deliver intended infection risk reduction without compromising draught rate and practicability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2026
Keywords
Care home, Computation fluid dynamics (CFD), Draught (draft) rate, Infection risk, Portable air cleaner
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376975 (URN)10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100151 (DOI)2-s2.0-105028971253 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20260223

Available from: 2026-02-23 Created: 2026-02-23 Last updated: 2026-02-23Bibliographically approved
Sjölander, A., Gram, A., Nordström, E. & Ansell, A. (2026). Livslängd för alternativa fibrer i Svenska tunnlar. In: Svenska Bergteknikföreningen (Ed.), Bergdagarna: . Paper presented at Bergdagarna, Stockholm, 3–4 mars 2026. Stockholm: Svenska Bergteknikföreningen
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Livslängd för alternativa fibrer i Svenska tunnlar
2026 (Swedish)In: Bergdagarna / [ed] Svenska Bergteknikföreningen, Stockholm: Svenska Bergteknikföreningen , 2026Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Fiberarmerad sprutbetong har sedan slutet av 80-talet använts för att förstärka svenska bergrum. Med några få undantag är all sprutbetong armerad med stålfiber. Detta är även situation idag trots att flertalet alternativa fibermaterial finns på marknaden. Trots att det strukturella beteendet efter uppsprickning skiljer sig åt mellan fibertyperna har forskning visat att fiber av glas, basalt och polypropylen alla kan uppfylla de idag ställda kraven på bärförmåga. En stor anledning till att alternativa fiber inte används är att det finns osäkerheter kring hur bärförmågan för fiberarmerad sprutbetong påverkas efter lång tids exponering i tunnelmiljö. Tidigare forskning har ofta fokuserat på nedbrytning av individuella fiber i lösningar med höga salthalter eller pH värde. Sprutbetongens energiupptagande förmåga efter uppsprickning beror på fibertyp och styrs av en kombination av utdragning av fibrer från betongmatrisen samt deformation och brott i fibern. För att studera förändringar i bärförmåga över tid är det därför lämpligt att utsätta fiberarmerade provkroppar för exponering i olika miljöer och därefter testa bärförmågan. Detta har studerats i ett nyligen avslutat BeFo projekt där accelererande åldringsförsök har genomförts varefter bärförmågan utvärderades med Barcelonametoden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Svenska Bergteknikföreningen, 2026
Keywords
Barcelonametoden, åldring, accelererad provning, strukturell provning, sprutbetong
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Concrete Structures
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-381117 (URN)
Conference
Bergdagarna, Stockholm, 3–4 mars 2026
Funder
Rock Engineering Research Foundation (BeFo), 525
Note

QC 20260512

Available from: 2026-05-12 Created: 2026-05-12 Last updated: 2026-05-12Bibliographically approved
Sjölander, A., Gram, A., Nordström, E., Bryne, L. E. & Ansell, A. (2026). Långtidsexponering av sprutbetong med alternative fibrer. Stockholm: Stiftelsen Bergteknisk Forskning BeFo
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Långtidsexponering av sprutbetong med alternative fibrer
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2026 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Svenska bergrum förstärks oftast med fiberarmerad sprutbetong i kombination med bergbult. För trafiktunnlar används uteslutande stålfiber trots att flera alternativa fibermaterial idag finns tillgängliga på marknaden. Tidigare forskning har visat att dessa fibrer kan uppfylla de strukturella kraven som vanligen ställs på bärförmåga. Dock kvarstår det osäkerheter gällande fibrernas bärförmåga över tid och hur denna påverkas av exponering i tunnelmiljö. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka lämpliga metoder för att genomföra sådana studier med fiberarmerad sprutbetong. Det säkraste sättet att undersöka effekten av åldring hos sprutbetong är att genomföra långtidsprovning. Eftersom tekniska livslängden på svenska tunnlar vanligtvis är 120 år är dock detta både kostsamt och tidskrävande. Denna rapport sammanfattar kunskap från tidigare långtidsförsök och vad framtida långtidsförsök bör ta i beaktning. Ett snabbare sätt att studera åldring är att genomföra accelererad provning. Medan tidigare genomförda studier ofta fokuserar på åldring av betong och fibrer enskilt fokuserar denna rapport på att hitta en metod för att studera åldring av fiberarmerad betong som ett sammansatt material. Efter genomförandet av en provserie där fler än 80 provkroppar med fyra olika fibertyper exponerades för olika miljöer visas att Barcelonametoden, som är ett spräcktest av fiberarmerade kuber eller cylindrar, kan användas för att utvärdera förändringar i betongens energiupptagande förmåga. Metoden kan inte användas för att bestämma orsaken till förändringen men anses lämplig för att ge indikationer på vilka miljöer som vissa fibertyper är lämpliga eller mindre lämpliga för.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Stiftelsen Bergteknisk Forskning BeFo, 2026. p. 40
Series
BeFo Rapport, ISSN 1104-1773 ; 269
Keywords
fiberarmerad sprutbetong, livslängd, Barcelonametoden, accelererad provning
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Concrete Structures
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-381118 (URN)
Funder
Rock Engineering Research Foundation (BeFo), 525
Note

QC 20260512

Available from: 2026-05-12 Created: 2026-05-12 Last updated: 2026-05-12Bibliographically approved
Teoh, Y. C., Anund Vogel, J., Sadrizadeh, S. & Gram, A. (2025). Assessing Performance of Portable Air Cleaner on Infection Risk and Draught Risk in Care Home. In: Healthy Buildings Europe 2025 - Proceedings of an ISIAQ International Conference: . Paper presented at ISIAQ International Conference Healthy Buildings Europe 2025, Reykjavik, Iceland, Jun 8 2025 - Jun 11 2025 (pp. 55-61). International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing Performance of Portable Air Cleaner on Infection Risk and Draught Risk in Care Home
2025 (English)In: Healthy Buildings Europe 2025 - Proceedings of an ISIAQ International Conference, International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate , 2025, p. 55-61Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly (65+ years) experienced disproportionately high mortality rates, with care homes reporting significantly elevated casualties. Care homes constitute a unique built environment, functioning as both healthcare and residential facilities, yet they remain underexplored in ventilation research today. This study evaluates the performance of portable air cleaners (PAC) to reduce infection risk by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The draught rate (DR) was evaluated to analyse the potential local discomfort resulting from PAC. The findings reveal that PAC can reduce infection risk moderately (~20%) and achieve acceptable DR (< 10%). Given the growing ageing population, further research into alternative engineering controls (PAC), is essential to enhance infection risk mitigation and enhance occupant satisfaction in care home environments.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 2025
Keywords
Care home, Computation fluid dynamics (CFD), Draught rate, Infection risk, Portable air cleaner (PAC)
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373942 (URN)2-s2.0-105023414355 (Scopus ID)
Conference
ISIAQ International Conference Healthy Buildings Europe 2025, Reykjavik, Iceland, Jun 8 2025 - Jun 11 2025
Note

Part of ISBN 9789935539762

QC 20251212

Available from: 2025-12-12 Created: 2025-12-12 Last updated: 2025-12-12Bibliographically approved
Saravanan, S., Selander, A., Simonsson, B. & Gram, A. (2025). Exploring the potential of Baltic sea sediments in concrete: A state-of-the-art review. In: XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025: . Paper presented at XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring the potential of Baltic sea sediments in concrete: A state-of-the-art review
2025 (English)In: XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025, 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
National Category
Building materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369130 (URN)
Conference
XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025
Note

QC 20250908

Available from: 2025-08-28 Created: 2025-08-28 Last updated: 2025-09-08Bibliographically approved
Saravanan, S., Selander, A. & Gram, A. (2025). High-performance, low-carbon concrete from Nordic binders: A 365-day comparative study of six supplementary cementitious materials. In: 2nd International Conference on Net-Zero Built Environment, Cape Town, South Africa, 2025: . Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Net-Zero Built Environment, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 November 2025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>High-performance, low-carbon concrete from Nordic binders: A 365-day comparative study of six supplementary cementitious materials
2025 (English)In: 2nd International Conference on Net-Zero Built Environment, Cape Town, South Africa, 2025, 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

As the construction industry seeks to reduce its carbon footprint, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) play a vital role in reducing the clinker content of concrete. This paper synthesizes and comparatively analyze the 365-day compressive strength development of six locally sourced SCMs to establish their long-term performance for use in the Nordic region. The locally sourced SCMs are calcined clay (CC), fly ash (FA), natural pozzolan (NP), electric arc furnace slag (EAFS), oil shale ash (OSA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). A total of 31 concrete mixes were evaluated, with SCMs replacing cement at levels from 15% to 60%. While all SCM mixes exhibited lower early-age strength than the Portland cement reference, long-term strength was significantly enhanced. The most promising results include 15% FA (102 MPa), 35% NP (99.5 MPa), and 45% GGBS (96.5 MPa) at 365 days. High-volume replacement was also proven viable, with 35% oil shale ash matching the reference strength. The findings demonstrate that these regionally available SCMs offer a viable pathway towards producing high-performance concrete with significantly reduced clinker content, suitable for a wide range of structural applications.

National Category
Building materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369563 (URN)
Conference
2nd International Conference on Net-Zero Built Environment, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 November 2025
Note

QC 20260107

Available from: 2025-09-10 Created: 2025-09-10 Last updated: 2026-01-09Bibliographically approved
Gram, A., Ansell, A. & Sjölander, A. (2025). Long-term sustainability of shotcrete with alternative fibre materials. In: Proceedings of the ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress 2025, Stockholm, Sweden: . Paper presented at ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress 2025 (WTC 2025), 9-15 May 2025, Stockholm, Sweden. Informa UK Limited
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Long-term sustainability of shotcrete with alternative fibre materials
2025 (English)In: Proceedings of the ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress 2025, Stockholm, Sweden, Informa UK Limited , 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The long-term sustainability of shotcrete reinforced with alternative fibre materials, such as basalt and synthetic fibres, is an emerging field of study with significant implications for construction durability and performance. Current research focus is on developing a suitable test method for structural capacity that can be used in a laboratory environment to evaluate these materials under accelerated conditions, simulating long-term usage in various environmental contexts. One critical aspect is to understand how fibres made from synthetic or basalt materials will behave over extended periods, as existing data primarily pertains to traditional steel fibres. To address this gap, we are devising accelerated testing protocols that mimic the thermal and chemical stressors these materials might encounter over decades.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Informa UK Limited, 2025
Keywords
Barcelona method, accelerated testing, exposure, test methods
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Concrete Structures
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369161 (URN)10.1201/9781003559047-275 (DOI)
Conference
ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress 2025 (WTC 2025), 9-15 May 2025, Stockholm, Sweden
Funder
Rock Engineering Research Foundation (BeFo)
Note

QC 20250901

Available from: 2025-08-29 Created: 2025-08-29 Last updated: 2025-09-01Bibliographically approved
Gram, A. & Gram, H.-E. (2025). More on flow tests for mix design. In: XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025: . Paper presented at XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>More on flow tests for mix design
2025 (English)In: XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025, 2025Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Refereed)
National Category
Building materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369128 (URN)
Conference
XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025
Note

QC 20250923

Available from: 2025-08-28 Created: 2025-08-28 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Selander, A., Bäckman, A. & Gram, A. (2025). Supplementary cementitious Materials (SCMs) in northern Europe, identifying the potential for concrete with low carbon footprint. In: XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025: . Paper presented at XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Supplementary cementitious Materials (SCMs) in northern Europe, identifying the potential for concrete with low carbon footprint
2025 (English)In: XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025, 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
National Category
Building materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369132 (URN)
Conference
XXV Nordic Concrete Research Symposium, Sandefjord, Norway, 2025
Note

QC 20250908

Available from: 2025-08-28 Created: 2025-08-28 Last updated: 2025-09-08Bibliographically approved
Behzadi, A., Gram, A. & Sadrizadeh, S. (2024). An Innovative Smart HVAC System for Cold Climates: Achieving Sustainable Thermal Comfort. In: 18th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2024 - Conference Program and Proceedings: . Paper presented at 18th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2024, Honolulu, United States of America, July 7-11, 2024. International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An Innovative Smart HVAC System for Cold Climates: Achieving Sustainable Thermal Comfort
2024 (English)In: 18th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2024 - Conference Program and Proceedings, International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper introduces a novel heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in cold climates to meet thermal comfort with lower energy use than traditional systems. The smart HVAC unit is driven by a naturally driven free heating and cooling system using earth as a seasonal thermal reservoir to store/generate energy through 25 boreholes to meet the heating/cooling demands of an office building in Uppsala, Sweden. TRNSYS analyzes the system's performance, applying thermodynamic rules and lifecycle cost assessment. The results show that the air handling unit can meet more than 50% of heating and cooling demands. Despite high investment costs, the proposed system has a promising payback period of fewer than ten years, demonstrating the role of smart HVAC design. Considerably lower primary energy is used by recovering the free heating and cooling of 313 MWh from the ground, highlighting the effectiveness of utilizing the earth's stable temperatures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 2024
Keywords
Building Simulation, Efficient Thermal Comfort, Energy Use Reduction, HVAC, Ventilation
National Category
Energy Engineering Energy Systems Building Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-367299 (URN)2-s2.0-85210883877 (Scopus ID)
Conference
18th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2024, Honolulu, United States of America, July 7-11, 2024
Note

Part of ISBN 9798331306816

QC 20250716

Available from: 2025-07-16 Created: 2025-07-16 Last updated: 2025-07-16Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5901-1586

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