This article is part of the e-cooling project which has been granted by OutoKumpu and Intel. The author has been project manager aiming for optimization of the heat sink application. In this regard, several articles through 2006 to 2012, have been published to explain the chain of the process (casting, machining, welding) using the Pin-Fin technology. In 2011 to 2015, The project has been recapped and aiming to develop next design heatsink (combined copper-Aluminum heat sink) with special focus for the subsea application. The Risk analyses of the new heat sink design have also been studied. A new model has been developed for industrial production/ optimization process from casting to final processing. The mathematical modeling has been primarily employed to solve the source code addressing the energy of the dissipation rate using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The Ansys Fluent has been employed as the modeling software to implement the source term as subroutine. In this industrial research work the implementation of the mathematical modeling in the Ansys Fluent software is a critical part of the work aiming for design and optimization of the heat sink within SCI application.

Green buildings, i.e. low-energy and environmentally-friendly buildings, are highly demanded for optimizing the energy consumption and reducing the Green House Gas (GHG) Emissions. In this study, energy consumption of a residential building is analyzed in the hot and dry climate of Kashan, Iran. This is done based on the criteria of green buildings, using the Design Builder software. Several approaches are presented and discussed for the analysis, including the installing a thermal insulation layer, using external shadings and interior curtains, regulating the optimal comfort temperature, using an economizer, regulating the optimal domestic heat water (DHW) temperature, and installing photovoltaic panels. We investigate heating and cooling energies, as well as the total amount of energy saving in different conditions of the building. The results demonstrate that using the presented strategies leads to 67% and 39.3% reductions in electricity and gas consumption, respectively. Also, the carbon dioxide emissions are decreased 50.5% as a result of implementing the proposed methods.

In this study, a new approach has been used with SPSS and MATLAB analysis to study urban road traffic noise distribution mapping, to obtain the representative road traffic noise maps. The observation has been performed at a high traffic highway. The factors influencing noise level (traffic, road width, slope, and residential or administrative-commercial land) use were surveyed and recorded for each point and their local and time dependencies were computed. According to the analysis, the maximum value of goodness of fit index for the traffic and noise level relationship was 0.64, followed by 0.489 for the percentage of residential land use. The result of this study showed that the vehicle speed, width of the road, and the land use can affect different sound levels emitted by moving vehicles on road. The model predicts that by increasing one vehicle per hour, an increase in noise level by 0.002 dB will happen.

An experimental and "numerical study (first part of this study study) was carried out to investigate the solidification process in a copper continuous strip casting process. The model has been tuned by experimental results (i.e. cooling water flow measurements, temperature measurements and metallographic analysis). Further, the results have been used to study the possibility of improved productivity. In this report (second of the study) the flow pattern of the molten copper during a strip casting process as a manufacturing method has been studied using a full-scale water model. The dynamic similarity between model and real system has been studied. Six different types of inlet system to the mould have been studied: inlet nozzle jets with free stream, submerged nozzle jets, slot-submerged inlet system, semi slot-submerged inlet system, submerged-slot inlet nozzle jets and finally submerged-slot inlet nozzle jets with jet killer. Moreover, the effects of nozzle angle, nozzle diameter, casting speed, tundish adjustment and misalignment of the inlet nozzle jets on the flow pattern have been investigated. The vortex formation and bubble entrainment, depending upon the nozzle configuration, immersion depth and the fluid level in the mould have also been studied. It was found that the slot-submerged inlet nozzle jets with jet killer arrangement showed an obvious improvement of the fluid flow characteristics, yielding better tracer distribution in the flow pattern, lower values of back mixing flow, lower turbulence and lower vortex and recirculation flow.

This work examines the design of nozzles in continuous strip casting process. Three-dimensional (3D) simulations of steady turbulent (k-epsilon) flow are done at the upper part of the mould using a finite-volume (CFX) model. This is performed for different inlet systems, including the inlet nozzle jets with a free stream, the submerged nozzle jets, the slot inlet system, and the slot-submerged inlet system. The resulting heat flux to the solidifying shell has also been studied. Numerous operating parameters are examined, including the shape, size, position, and thickness of the ports and the bottom geometry. It is found that different inlet nozzle configurations change the molten flow and heat patterns, mainly in the upper region of the mould. By applying the slot nozzle inlet system, turbulence and values of the averaged velocity field in that area decrease significantly.

In this paper, a four-step safety integrity level (SIL) analysis is developed to analyze numerous components of the subsea control system based on the OREDA database. For this purpose, initially, a failure mode classification table is provided, aiming to identify the number of dangerous as well as the prevalent failure modes. Then, several parameters including component inventory, installation inventory, equipment units, failure events, and total time in service (per hour) are calculated. Also, failure rates are evaluated and the software checking is provided as the final step of the proposed framework. The results show that the dangerous failure modes occur in about 80 cases, and the leakage in the closed position is the failure mode occurring more than the other ones. Moreover, calculations indicate that the process isolation valve of the subsea X-mass tree has the largest values in all the referred parameters. Moreover, hydraulic coupling of the choke module and HC leak sensor are the two components with the highest value of failure rates.

This research aimed at modeling interrupted flow traffic noise at a signalized intersection. In this study, a new approach has been used with SPSS and Arc GIS with urban road traffic noise. The measured parameters of noise include noise equivalent level, volume of light vehicles, heavy vehicles and time mean speed. The results showed that the Spearman correlation coefficient between the interface and the level of the noise at morning, evening and total time were 0.241, 0.35 and 0.45. The spearman correlation coefficient between the interface of the buildings and the intersection of all types of vehicles passing through the morning, evening and total time equal to 0.534, 0.328 and 0.409. The results showed that noise level can be predicted through the speed variables of the vehicles, the volume of vehicles passing heavy and the use of land use of buildings. According to the results and the noise maps for the modeling noise of the estimated coefficients from the equation, it can be found that in building highway in urban, closer look on internationally acting Green Building Labels and noise protection is seen as an important part of the social sustainability aspects of a building.

To encourage the society to choose the public transportation system, it should comfort and satisfy people. Noise pollution in urban transportation systems is a risk that can endanger passenger health and affect their use of public transportation. Hence, this study investigates the effect of noise pollution on users' satisfaction of Tehran Metro line 7 using a sound level meter to measure noise pollution in four stations, namely Sanat Square, Tarbiat Modarres University, Shahid Navvab Safavi, and Rudaki. The data was analyzed using noise measurement, and noise pollution is compared at four stations with noise contour maps.

Proper performance evaluation of subsea system components is of high significance for reliable operation and remote monitoring or the replacement of the components before the occurrence of any failure. As a part of subsea systems, subsea control system (SCS) plays a key role in accomplishing a reliable performance. Hence, achieving knowledge of the components’ failure rates is highly important in the safety analysis of SCS. To the author's knowledge, limited work is done on the safety analysis of SCS using failure rates for a multitude of components. Also, the number of research papers that are based on industrial works is restricted. Hence, this paper aims to provide a noticeable contribution in fulfilling the referred gap. For this purpose, a safety integrity-level (SIL) analysis is proposed based on a typical OREDA database. In the implementation of the proposed SIL, a failure mode classification table is provided for a selection of SCS components. This is followed by the estimation of several parameters, such as the total time in service, as well as obtaining the values of critical failure rates. The analysis indicates that signal failure is the failure mode occurring more than the other ones. Also, the subsea electronic module yields the highest value of critical failure rates. Besides, a comparison of parameter values is provided for two different versions of the utilized database.