The present study investigates computer-automated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges based on a complete 3D model. For this regard, a code with several modules has been developed to produce parametric models of slab frame bridges. Design loads and load combinations can be chosen either based on the Swedish design standard for bridges or the Euro-code. The necessary reinforcement diagrams to satisfy the ultimate and serviceability limit states including fatigue checks for the whole bridge are calculated according to the aforementioned standards. Optimization techniques based on the genetic algorithm and the pattern search method are applied. The presented results highlight the efficiency of the applied optimization algorithms. This methodology can be applied in the design process for a time-effective, material-efficient and optimal design of concrete slab frame bridges.

The present study investigates computer-automated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges considering investment cost based on a complete 3D model. Thus, a computer code with several modules has been developed to produce parametric models of slab frame bridges. Design loads and load combinations are based on the Eurocode design standard and the Swedish design standard for bridges. The necessary reinforcement diagrams to satisfy the ultimate and serviceability limit states, including fatigue checks for the whole bridge, are calculated according to the aforementioned standards. Optimization techniques based on the genetic algorithm and the pattern search method are applied. A case study is presented to highlight the efficiency of the applied optimization algorithms. This methodology has been applied in the design process for the time-effective, material-efficient, and optimal design of concrete slab frame bridges

The main objective of this research is to integrate environmental impact optimization in the structural design of reinforced concrete slab frame bridges in order to determine the most environmental-friendly design. The case study bridge used in this work was also investigated in a previous paper focusing on the optimization of the investment cost, while the present study focuses on environmental impact optimization and comparing the results of both of these studies. Optimization technique based on the pattern search method was implemented. Moreover, a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology of ReCiPe and two monetary weighting systems were used to convert environmental impacts into monetary costs. The analysis showed that both monetary weighting systems led to the same results. Furthermore, optimization based on environmental impact generated models with thinner construction elements yet of a higher concrete class, while cost optimization by considering extra constructability factors provided thicker sections and easier to construct design. This dissimilarity in the results highlights the importance of combining environmental impact (and its associated environmental cost) and investment cost to find more material-efficient, economical, sustainable and time-effective bridge solutions.