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Frequency response improvement with synchronous condenser and power electronics converters
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6362-6030
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2017 (English)In: 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia, IFEEC - ECCE Asia 2017, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2017, p. 1002-1007, article id 7992178Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper gives an overall review of the working principle of the inertial response from the synchronous condenser for frequency support in the grid. In addition to this, four proposed frequency control strategies for improvement of network frequency response by static energy storage devices, such as the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) with suitable energy storage elements or the battery energy storage system (BESS), are presented. The proposed frequency control strategies are evaluated and benchmarked with the synchronous condenser in the same network. It is shown that a power electronic converter based system with energy storage can be designed with lower rating, still providing the same or better frequency support than the synchronous condenser.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2017. p. 1002-1007, article id 7992178
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223037DOI: 10.1109/IFEEC.2017.7992178ISI: 000426696300177Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85034074684ISBN: 9781509051571 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-223037DiVA, id: diva2:1182642
Conference
3rd IEEE International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia, IFEEC - ECCE Asia 2017, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 3 June 2017 through 7 June 2017
Note

QC 20180214

Available from: 2018-02-14 Created: 2018-02-14 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. On Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converters
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converters
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

With increasing deployment of voltage source converters (VSCs) in the grid, instability phenomena due to converter--grid interactions have been observed. Modeling and stability analysis of grid-connected VSCs have become popular research topics. Moreover, the power system is losing its inertia with increased penetration of renewable energy resources. Large and fast frequency deviations tend to vary more frequently compared to the conventional grid. The control and modeling of VSCs in the low-inertia grid is thus a crucial topic. The main objective of this thesis is the small-signal modeling and stability analysis of grid-connected VSCs. 

As a result of the asymmetrical synchronous reference ($ dq $) frame dynamics, the structure of the dynamical system is multi-input multi-output (MIMO). Conventionally, the small-signal stability analysis for such a system is conducted either by the modal-analysis approach or the impedance based method, which is based on MIMO. In this thesis, methods for modeling and analyzing a MIMO system using a single-input single-output (SISO) approach are developed. Compared to conventional methods, the SISO methods overcome the difficulties of defining the stability margins for individual closed loops. Moreover, the methods provide intuitive solutions to the design of controllers for individual closed loops. 

The thesis also investigates the control and modeling of grid-connected VSCs connected to low-inertia grids. It is illustrated that, for improvement of network frequency dynamics, a VSC with proper energy storage is capable to emulate inertial response from a synchronous machine. Moreover, other frequency control strategies are shown to be beneficial, compared to the inertial emulation. In addition, the inaccuracies for the $ dq $-frame small-signal model, in the presence of phase jumps and frequency deviations, are investigated. It is concluded that the inaccuracy of the small-signal model always exists under phase jumps. In the presence of frequency deviation, the stability analysis shall be evaluated at the steady-state operating point of the frequency.

Abstract [sv]

Med ökad användning av spänningsstyva omriktare (VSC) i nätet har instabilitetsfenomen på grund av växelverkan mellan omriktare och nät observerats. Modellering och analys av stabiliteten hos nätanslutna omriktare har därför utvecklats till ett populärt och omfattande forskningsämne. Ökad andel förnybara energikällor har dessutom inneburit att elkraftsystemet har förlorat delar av sina tröghetsmassor. Det leder till att stora och snabba frekvensavvikelser är vanligare i jämförelse med förhållandena i konventionella nät. Modellering och reglering av spänningsstyva omriktare i nät med låg tröghet är således av avgörande betydelse. Huvudsyftet med avhandling har varit att utveckla småsignalmodeller för nätanslutna omriktare och analysera stabiliteten hos dessa.

Som ett resultat av dynamiken hos det synkrona koordinatsystemet ($dq$) är strukturen för det dynamiska systemet s.k. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Konventionellt analyseras, för ett sådant system, småsignalstabiliteten antingen genom modalanalys eller genom en impedansmetod baserad på MIMO. En av målsättningarna i avhandlingen har varit att utveckla metoder, för modellering och analys av ett MIMO-system, baserat på en single-input single-output (SISO) formulering av systemet. I jämförelse med de konventionella metoderna löser SISO-metoderna svårigheterna med att definiera stabilitetsmarginalerna för enskilda slutna slingor. Metoderna ger dessutom intuitiva lösningar för utformningen av regleringen av enskilda slingor. 

Avhandlingen undersöker också modellering och reglering av nätanslutna VSC:er anslutna till nät med liten tröghet. I avhandlingen illustreras hur en VSC med korrekt energilagring är kapabel att emulera tröghetsresponsen från en synkronmaskin i avseende att förbättra nätets frekvensdynamik. Även andra strategier för frekvenskontroll har visat sig vara fördelaktiga. Avslutningsvis undersöks de fel som introduceras i småsignalmodellen i samband med fas- och frekvensändringar. Slutsatsen är att småsignalmodellens fel alltid existerar under fasförändringar. Vid frekvensavvikelser ska stabilitetsanalysen ske vid den aktuella frekvensen i det stationära fallet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2021:28
Keywords
Low-inertia grid, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), single-input single-output (SISO), small-signal model, stability analysis, voltage source converters (VSCs)
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-294393 (URN)978-91-7873-856-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-06-04, Ångdomen, Osquars backe 31, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20210518

Available from: 2021-05-18 Created: 2021-05-17 Last updated: 2022-09-16Bibliographically approved

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Ängquist, LennartNee, Hans-Peter

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