There are many signs indicating that artificial intelligence – reproduction of the cognitive functions that humans have such as learning and problem solving by machines– has been spreading among various industries. However, from a scholarly point of view, how artificial intelligence can be theoretically conceptualized still remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose that artificial can be conceptualized as general purpose technology – a technology which opens up new opportunities rather than offering complete final solutions. Based on literature on the technological innovation systems and general purpose technologies, we support our proposition with a qualitative case study on artificial intelligence in Sweden. Drawing on the results of the case study, we derive implications for research on innovation systems as well as practitioners and policymakers.