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Electroresponsive structuring and friction of a non-halogenated ionic liquid in a polar solvent: effect of concentration
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9815-8329
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1853-6773
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Mech Engn, Katsushika Ku, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Tokyo 1258585, Japan..
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2020 (English)In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 22, no 34, p. 19162-19171Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements have been employed to study the interfacial structuring and composition of electroresponsive boundary layers formed by an ionic liquid (IL) lubricant at an electrified gold interface when dispersed in a polar solvent. The results reveal that both the composition and extent of the IL boundary layers intricately depend on the bulk IL concentration and the applied surface potential. At the lowest concentration (5% w/w), a preferential adsorption of the IL cation at the gold electrode is observed, which hinders the ability to electro-induce changes in the boundary layers. In contrast, at higher IL bulk concentrations (10 and 20% w/w), the NR results reveal a significantly larger concentration of the IL ions at the gold interface that exhibit significantly greater electroresponsivity, with clear changes in the layer composition and layer thickness observed for different potentials. In complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on an electrified gold surface, such IL boundary layers are demonstrated to provide excellent friction reduction and electroactive friction (known as tribotronics). In agreement with the NR results obtained, clear concentration effects are also observed. Together such results provide valuable molecular insight into the electroactive structuring of ILs in solvent mixtures, as well as provide mechanistic understanding of their tribotronic behaviours.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) , 2020. Vol. 22, no 34, p. 19162-19171
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283279DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02736gISI: 000567772700036PubMedID: 32812565Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85090870483OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-283279DiVA, id: diva2:1473476
Note

QC 20201006

Available from: 2020-10-06 Created: 2020-10-06 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Sustainable Lubrication and Tribotronics enabled by Ionic Materials
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable Lubrication and Tribotronics enabled by Ionic Materials
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Developments in machine design play a crucial role in the global endeavor towards sustainability. The potential for energy conservation and emission reduction has pushed lubrication research to the forefront, with the lubricant considered to be a vital machine component. As a result of the need for high machine efficiency and longevity, as well as that of greener lubricants, ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining attention for lubrication applications, especially in combination with biodegradable oils. ILs also present a unique opportunity for developing active lubrication, tribotronic systems. To make them an industrially viable option, however, an in-depth understanding of IL lubrication behavior is required. In this doctoral work, investigations of the tribologically relevant ionic boundary films formed by non-halogenated ILs dispersed in a carrier medium (polar solvent or bio-oil) were conducted using a variety of tribological techniques and neutron reflectance. The effect of external actuation by electric potential on the extent, ionic composition, and tribological relevance of the interfacial boundary films was also studied. The results revealed that the ionic architecture and the condition of IL in the oil play an important role in defining the lubricity of the adsorbed boundary films. Clear electroresponsivity was also observed across methods, with the relative concentration of cations and anions in the interfacial film and the lubricating film thickness changing with the electric potential bias. It was established that the anions, playing an anchor role on the surface, are crucial for the formation of robust load-carrying boundary films. A methodology using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was developed for measuring and characterizing the electric conductivity of complex lubricating greases with ionic and non-ionic additives. According to these measurements, the electrical characteristics of greases depend on the interactions of IL with the grease matrix. Overall, this work contributes towards the development of sustainable lubrication and tribotronic systems using ILs.

Abstract [sv]

Utvecklingen inom ämnesområdet maskinkonstruktion spelar en avgörande roll i den globala strävan mot hållbarhet. Potentialer för energibesparing och utsläppsminskningar har drivit på forskningen om smörjmedel och smörjmedlet anses idag vara ett viktigt maskinelement. Som ett resultat av behovet av hög verkningsgrad, lång livslängd samt miljövänligare smörjmedel, har jonvätskor (eng. Ionic Liquids) fått uppmärksamhet inom smörjtillämpningar, särskilt i kombination med biologiskt nedbrytbara oljor. Jonvätskor ger även en unik möjlighet att utveckla tribotroniska system för aktiv smörjning. För att göra dem industriellt gångbara krävs dock en djupgående förståelse för jonvätskors smörjegenskaper. Inom ramen för detta doktorandprojekt genomfördes undersökningar av de smörjfilmer som bildas i kontakters gränssnitt av icke-halogenerade jonvätskor dispergerade i ett polärt lösningsmedel eller en bioolja. En mängd olika tribologiska mätinstument, bland annat neutronreflektans, användes i projektet. Smörjfilmens egenskaper under inverkan av en extern aktivering via en elektrisk potential studerades även genom att mäta filmtjocklek, jonsammansättning samt tribologisk relevans i gränsskikten. Resultaten visade att den joniska arkitekturen och tillståndet för jonvätskan i oljan spelar en viktig roll för att definiera smörjförmågan hos de adsorberade gränsfilmerna. Tydliga reaktioner på en pålagd elektrisk potential observerades genom att mäta förändringar av den relativa koncentrationen av katjoner och anjoner i gränssnittsfilmen samt smörjfilmens tjocklek. Det konstaterades att anjonerna, som fungerar som ankare på ytan, är avgörande för bildandet av robusta lastbärande gränsfilmer. En metodik som använder elektrokemisk impedansspektroskopi utvecklades för att mäta och karakterisera den elektriska ledningsförmågan hos komplexa smörjfetter med joniska och icke-joniska tillsatser. Enligt dessa mätningar beror fetters elektriska egenskaper på interaktionen mellan jonvätskan och fettmatrisen. Sammantaget bidrar detta arbete till utvecklingen av hållbara smörjmedel samt tribotroniska system där jonvätskor används.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 75
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:9
Keywords
sustainable lubrication, ionic liquid, tribotronics, lubricating grease, neutron reflectance
National Category
Other Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Other Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-310124 (URN)978-91-8040-189-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-04-27, Sal F3, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68200171393?pwd=M0dDV3dMWEhDaHN6L3FpeFJ3UlphUT09, Lindstedtsvägen 26-28, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
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Available from: 2022-04-05 Created: 2022-03-28 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved

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Pilkington, GeorgiaOleshkevych, AnnaPedraz, PatriciaWatanabe, SeiyaRadiom, MiladReddy, Akepati BhaskarGlavatskih, SergeiRutland, Mark W.

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Surface and Corrosion ScienceMachine Design (Div.)
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