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Key barriers in MaaS development and implementation: Lessons learned from testing Corporate MaaS (CMaaS)
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM). (Integrated Transport Research Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3342-0859
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL. (Integrated Transport Research Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4149-0005
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Product and Service Design.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5187-5742
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Product and Service Design. KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC, Green Leap. (Integrated Transport Research Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0167-7385
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2020 (English)In: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, E-ISSN 2590-1982, Vol. 8, article id 100227Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To reach the full potential of Mobility as a Service (MaaS), especially its projected positive environmental impacts, the barriers to development and implementation processes must be identified. However, studies identifying such MaaS barriers are rare. Following an interdisciplinary approach, this paper aims to bridge this gap by adding knowledge on barriers to MaaS development and implementation using four perspectives (service design, business model, user travel attitude and behavior, and system impacts). Following a systems thinking approach, the barriers are investigated at three levels (individual, organizational and societal) to show their relationships. This paper investigates a specific type of MaaS, namely Corporate Mobility as a Service (CMaaS). The results obtained by investigating a large-scale CMaaS pilot provide implications of general barriers to MaaS development and implementation. The findings presented in this paper provide knowledge and guidance to MaaS stakeholders.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020. Vol. 8, article id 100227
Keywords [en]
Mobility as a Service (MaaS), Corporate MaaS (CMaaS), Barrier, Interdisciplinary, Systems thinking
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Transport Science; Transport Science, Transport Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286263DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100227Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85096523277OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-286263DiVA, id: diva2:1503182
Projects
SMSS-Smart Mobility Services Södertälje
Funder
Vinnova, 2017-01976
Note

QC 20201124

Available from: 2020-11-23 Created: 2020-11-23 Last updated: 2024-08-30Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Understanding the system-level for Mobility as a Service: A framework to evaluate full-scale impacts of MaaS
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding the system-level for Mobility as a Service: A framework to evaluate full-scale impacts of MaaS
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Mobility as a Service (MaaS), as a concept, has been widely popularised and considered to hold promising potential in reducing travel-related environmental impacts and transforming our current transport system. MaaS enables intermodal travel by providing enhanced features for users to access multiple mobility services. The combination of mobility services in MaaS solutions promotes the use of public transport, active modes and shared mobility to reduce the dependency on private vehicles and provide optimal work and travel arrangements tailor-made to cater to an individual’s specific travel needs while promoting a better quality of life. While the MaaS based literature largely assumes that the service will have a positive impact on individuals and society, it is important to note that there could also be unintended rebound impacts. Additionally, the evidence regarding the same is limited to estimations based on either a small number of pilot studies or a few stated preference studies and expert speculation. While studies have been conducted on the individual, organisational and societal level aspects of MaaS variants such as user preferences, service design, business models, energy impacts, operation and management etc. there seem to be a lack of holistic understanding of the potential impacts of these services from a system-level perspective. MaaS, as a hybrid innovation with the potential to transform socio-technical systems, is a combination of several actors at the individual, organisational and societal levels interacting in a shared arena with the goal to “lock-in” this innovation into the larger society. Therefore, there is a need to not only evaluate MaaS at these three levels but also to take an integrated, holistic approach to understand the system-level impacts of MaaS. As MaaS systems are not currently operating at their full potential, this thesis evaluates two real- life small-scale trials of MaaS in Stockholm, Sweden at the individual, organisational and societal levels to explore the complexities of MaaS and its variant services. Using the knowledge gathered from the evaluations of the two small-scale MaaS trials, this thesis then develops a system-level framework to evaluate MaaS and its variant services by integrating the individual, organizational and societal levels using economic, environmental and social dimensions. For MaaS stakeholders involved in the development, implementation, operation and management of full-scale MaaS, this framework could act as a helpful tool in decision-making processes by highlighting the complex relationships between and within the individual, organisational and societal levels and how the decisions made at the individual, organisational and societal levels could impact each other.

Abstract [sv]

Mobility as a Service (MaaS), som koncept, har blivit allmänt populärt och anses ha potential att minska reserelaterad miljöpåverkan och förändra vårt nuvarande transportsystem. MaaS möjliggör intermodala resor genom att tillhandahålla förbättrade funktioner som ger användare tillgång till flera olika mobilitetstjänster. Kombinationen av mobilitetstjänster i MaaS-lösningar främjar användningen av kollektivtrafik, aktiva transportsätt och delad mobilitet. Detta föväntas leda till minskat beroende av privata bilar och gearbets- och researrangemang som är skräddarsydda för att tillgodose varje individs specifika resebehov och samtidigt främja en bättre livskvalitet. Även om den MaaS-baserade litteraturen till stor del antar att tjänsten kommer att ha en positiv inverkan på individer och samhälle, är det viktigt att notera att det också kan finnas oavsiktliga rekylseffekter. Dessutom är utvärderingen av MaaS önskade effekter begränsade till uppskattningar baserade på antingen ett litet antal pilotstudier eller ett fåtal preferensstudier samt expertspekulationer. Även om studier har genomförts för att undersöka individuella, organisatoriska och samhälleliga aspekter av MaaS-varianter, inklusive tex användarpreferenser, tjänstedesign, affärsmodeller, energipåverkan, drift och förvaltning etc., verkar det finnas en brist på holistisk förståelse för de potentiella effekterna av dessa tjänster ur ett systemnivåperspektiv.

 

MaaS, som en hybridinnovation med potential att transformera sociotekniska system, är en kombination av flera aktörer på individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå som interagerar på en delad arena med målet att ”låsa in” denna innovation i det större samhället. Därför finns det ett behov av att inte bara utvärdera MaaS på dessa tre nivåer utan också att anta ett integrerat, holistiskt tillvägagångssätt för att förstå effekterna av MaaS på systemnivå. Eftersom MaaS-system för närvarande inte fungerar på fullt uppskalad nivå, utvärderar denna avhandling två verkliga, men småskaliga, tester av MaaS i Stockholm, Sverige på individuell, organisatorisk och samhällelig nivå för att utforska komplexiteten hos MaaS och dess olika tjänster. Med hjälp av den kunskap som samlats in från utvärderingarna av de två småskaliga MaaS-försöken, utvecklar denna avhandling sedan ett ramverk på systemnivå för att utvärdera MaaS och dess olika tjänster genom att integrera de individuella, organisatoriska och samhälleliga nivåerna med hjälp av ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala dimensioner. För MaaS-intressenter som är involverade i utveckling, implementering, drift och förvaltning av fullskalig MaaS kan detta ramverk fungera som ett användbart verktyg i beslutsprocesser genom att lyfta fram de komplexa relationerna mellan och inom individ-, organisations- och samhälleliga nivåer och hur beslut som fattas på individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå kan påverka varandra.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 83
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:30
Keywords
Mobility as a Service, system-level, perspective, framework, experiments
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319495 (URN)978-91-8040-371-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-10-27, Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68091873830, F3, Lindstedsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-10-06 Created: 2022-09-29 Last updated: 2023-02-28Bibliographically approved

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Zhao, XiaoyunVaddadi, BhavanaSjöman, MartinHesselgren, MiaPernestål, Anna

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