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Longitudinal In-Vivo X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography With Molybdenum Nanoparticles
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7674-6437
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3095-0608
Karolinska Inst, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol MTC, S-17177 Solna, Sweden..
Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden..
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2020 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, ISSN 0278-0062, E-ISSN 1558-254X, Vol. 39, no 12, p. 3910-3919Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) with nanoparticles (NPs) as contrast agents shows potential for molecular biomedical imaging with higher spatial resolution than present methods. To date the technique has been demonstrated on phantoms and mice, however, parameters such as radiation dose, exposure times and sensitivity have not yet allowed for high-spatial-resolution in vivo longitudinal imaging, i.e., imaging of the same animal at different time points. Here we show in vivo XFCT with spatial resolution in the 200-400 mu m range in a proof-of-principle longitudinal study where mice are imaged five times each during an eight-week period following tail-vein injection of NPs. We rely on a 24 keV x-ray pencil-beam-based excitation of in-house-synthesized molybdenum oxide NPs (MoO2) to provide the high signal-to-background x-ray fluorescence detection necessary for XFCT imaging with low radiation dose and short exposure times. We quantify the uptake and clearance of NPs in vivo through imaging, and monitor animal well-being over the course of the study with support from histology and DNA stability analysis to assess the impact of x-ray exposure and NPs on animal welfare. We conclude that the presented imaging arrangement has potential for in vivo longitudinal studies, putting emphasis on designing biocompatible NPs as the future focus for active-targeting preclinical XFCT.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2020. Vol. 39, no 12, p. 3910-3919
Keywords [en]
Biomedical imaging, computed tomography (CT), in vivo, molecular imaging, nanoparticles, preclinical imaging, X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT)
National Category
Clinical Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288623DOI: 10.1109/TMI.2020.3007165ISI: 000595547500014PubMedID: 32746133Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85094927067OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-288623DiVA, id: diva2:1516585
Note

QC 20210112

Available from: 2021-01-12 Created: 2021-01-12 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Preclinical X-ray imaging beyond attenuation contrast
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Preclinical X-ray imaging beyond attenuation contrast
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Preklinisk röntgenavbildning bortom attenueringskontrast
Abstract [en]

Medical imaging is a cornerstone of modern clinical practice. Here, X-ray imaging is the given choice for rapid morphological imaging with excellent spatial resolution, albeit with sensitivity often insufficient for resolving subtle pathological changes to soft tissues. Fundamentally, the sensitivity issue is due to the image contrast traditionally being based on differential X-ray attenuation (i.e., absorption and scattering) where attenuation properties of soft tissues are often very similar. Improving the sensitivity of clinical X-ray imaging therefore requires moving beyond conventional attenuation contrast.

Motivated by the above, this Thesis explores two alternative contrast mechanisms in the preclinical domain, yet with a clinical outlook: X-ray fluorescence and X-ray phase contrast. These mechanisms are demonstrated both experimentally on animal models (in vivo) and computationally on virtual anatomical phantoms (in silico). Specifically, we developed instrumentation for in vivo X-ray fluorescence imaging of mice injected with nanoparticle contrast agents, demonstrating a path towards molecular X-ray imaging with higher spatial resolution (< 0.5 mm) than established molecular modalities (e.g., PET & SPECT) and roughly 10× higher sensitivity (~ 0.1 mM) compared to conventional attenuation contrast. Furthermore, we showed that the terminal bronchioles (diameters down to ~ 60 μm) could be resolved in free-breathing mice under anesthesia using X-ray imaging boosted by phase contrast. Lastly, we showed through in silico modeling that the extension of X-ray phase contrast to human lungs could potentially enable visualization of small airways (diameters below 2 mm) which are invisible to attenuation contrast alone. In summary, this Thesis provides experimental and computational demonstrations indicating that both X-ray fluorescence and X-ray phase contrast could provide a path towards clinical X-ray imaging with improved sensitivity.

Abstract [sv]

Medicinsk avbildning är en viktig grundsten inom modern klinisk praktik. Här är röntgenavbildning det givna valet för snabb strukturell avbildning med hög upplösning, dock med en känslighet som oftast inte räcker för att upplösa små patologiska förändringar inom mjuka vävnader. Känslighetsproblemet grundar sig i att kontrasten i traditionella röntgenbilder uppstår genom skillnader i attenuering av röntgenstrålningen (p.g.a. absorption och spridning) där attenueringsegenskaperna hos olika vävnader oftast är väldigt lika. Förbättring av känsligheten hos röntgenavbildning kräver därmed att man ser bortom attenueringskontrast.

Mot denna bakgrund undersöker föreliggande avhandling två alternativa kontrastmekanismer i en preklinisk kontext men med klinisk tillämpning i sikte: röntgenfluorescens och faskontraströntgen. Dessa mekanismer demonstreras både experimentellt på djurmodeller (in vivo) samt med beräkningar på virtuella anatomiska fantomer (in silico). Bland annat demonstrerade vi experimentell avbildning med  röntgenfluorescens på möss in vivo injicerade med nanopartiklar som kontrastmedel som ett koncept för molekylär röntgenavbildning med högre spatial upplösning (< 0.5 mm) än nuvarande molekylära avbildningsmodaliteter (t.ex. PET & SPECT) samt en faktor 10× högre känslighet (~ 0.1 mM) jämfört med traditionell attenueringskontrast. Vidare visade vi att de minsta bronkiolerna (med diametrar ner till 60 μm) kunde upplösas i möss under anestesi utan mekanisk ventilering genom avbildning med faskontraströntgen. Slutligen visade vi med in silico modellering att faskontraströntgen tillämpat på människolungor skulle kunna ha potential för att visualisera små luftvägar (med diametrar under 2 mm) som är osynliga genom enbart attenueringskontrast. Sammanfattningsvis innehåller denna avhandling experiment och beräkningar som indikerar att både röntgenfluorescens och faskontraströntgen är lovande kontrastmekanismer för klinisk röntgenavbildning med förbättrad känslighet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 44
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2022:07
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Research subject
Physics; Physics, Biological and Biomedical Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-310183 (URN)978-91-8040-176-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-04-22, Room 4204, Hus 3, Albano campus, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-03-23 Created: 2022-03-23 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Shaker, KianVogt, CarmenAndersson, KenthLi, YuyangLarsson, Jakob C.Toprak, MuhammetHertz, Hans

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