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Multisatellite MMS Analysis of Electron Holes in the Earth's Magnetotail: Origin, Properties, Velocity Gap, and Transverse Instability
Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India..
Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.;MIT, Dept Nucl Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
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2020 (English)In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics, ISSN 2169-9380, E-ISSN 2169-9402, Vol. 125, no 9, article id e2020JA028066Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a statistical analysis of more than 2,400 electrostatic solitary waves interpreted as electron holes (EH) measured aboard at least three Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft in the Earth's magnetotail. The velocities of EHs are estimated using the multispacecraft interferometry. The EH velocities in the plasma rest frame are in the range from just a few km/s, which is much smaller than ion thermal velocity V-Ti, up to 20,000 km/s, which is comparable to electron thermal velocity V-Te. We argue that fast EHs with velocities larger than about 0.1V(Te) are produced by bump-on-tail instabilities, while slow EHs with velocities below about 0.05V(Te) can be produced by warm bistream and, probably, Buneman-type instabilities. We show that typically fast and slow EHs do not coexist, indicating that the instabilities producing EHs of different types operate independently. We have identified a gap in the distribution of EH velocities between V-Ti and 2V(Ti), which is considered to be the evidence for self-acceleration (Zhou & Hutchinson, 2018) or ion Landau damping of EHs. Parallel spatial scales and amplitudes of EHs are typically between lambda(D) and 10 lambda(D) and between 10(-3) T-e and 0.1 T-e, respectively. We show that electrostatic potential amplitudes of EHs are below the threshold of the transverse instability and highly likely restricted by the nonlinear saturation criterion of electron streaming instabilities seeding electron hole formation: e Phi(0)less than or similar to me pi(2)d(parallel to)(2), where pi = min(gamma, 1.5 omega(ce)), where gamma is the increment of instabilities seeding EH formation, while pi(ce) is electron cyclotron frequency. The implications of the presented results are discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Geophysical Union (AGU) , 2020. Vol. 125, no 9, article id e2020JA028066
Keywords [en]
electron holes, electrostatic solitary wave, magnetosphere, magnetotail, bursty bulk flow, transverse instability
National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289308DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028066ISI: 000600989000058Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85092562403OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-289308DiVA, id: diva2:1521976
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QC 20210125

Available from: 2021-01-25 Created: 2021-01-25 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Lindqvist, Per-Arne

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