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Prediction and experimental validation of dynamic soil-structure interaction of an end-bearing pile foundation in soft clay
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4203-145X
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In the built environment, human activities such as railway and road traffic, constructionworks or industrial manufacturing can give rise to ground borne vibrations. Such vibrations become a concern in urban areas as they can cause human discomfort or disruption of vibration sensitive equipment in buildings. In Sweden, geological formations of soft clay soils overlying till and a high quality bedrock are encountered in densely populated areas, which are soil conditions that are prone to high levels of ground borne vibrations. Under such soil conditions, end-bearing piles are often used in the design of building foundations. The dynamic response of a building is governed by the interaction between the soil and the foundation. It is therefore essential that models used for vibration predictions are able to capture the dynamic soil-structure interaction of pile foundations.

The purpose of this thesis is to experimentally and numerically investigate dynamic soil-structure interaction of an end-bearing pile group in clay by constructing a test foundation of realistic dimensions. The small-strain properties in a shallow clay deposit are estimated using different site investigation and laboratory methods. The results are synthesised into a representative soil model to compute the free-field surface response, which is validated with vibration measurements performed at the site. It is found that detailed information regarding material damping in the clay and the topmost soil layer both have a profound influence on the predicted surface response, especially with an increasing distance from the source.

Dynamic impedances of four end-bearing concrete piles driven at the site are measured. Pile-soil-pile interaction is investigated by measuring the response of the neighbour piles when one of the piles in the group is excited. The square pile group is subsequently joined in a concrete cap and measurements of the impedances of the pilegroup and acceleration measurements within the piles at depth are performed. A numerical model based on the identified soil properties is implemented and validated by the measurements. A good agreement between the predicted and measured responses and impedances of the pile group foundation is found, establishing confidence in the ability to predict the dynamic characteristics of end-bearing pile foundations under the studied soil conditions.

Abstract [sv]

Mänsklig verksamhet i urbana miljöer så som väg- och järnvägstrafik, byggnation eller maskindrift inom industri kan ge upphov till vibrationer som sprider sig via marken i närområdet. Dessa vibrationer kan ge upphov till kännbara vibrationer eller påverka vibrationskänslig utrustning i byggnader. I Sverige förekommer ofta mjuka lerjordar ovanpå berg, och inte sällan i tätbebyggda områden. Under sådana jordförhållanden används ofta spetsbärande pålar för grundläggning av byggnader. Det dynamiska verkningssättet för byggnader är beroende av interaktionen mellan jorden och byggnadens grund. Det är därför viktigt att modeller som används för vibrationsanalys i byggnader kan beskriva denna interaktion mellan jord och byggnadsfundament.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att experimentellt och via numeriska modeller studera dynamisk jord-struktur-interaktion av ett spetsbärande pålfundament i lera. Jordensmekaniska egenskaper vid små töjningar utvärderas för en lerjord som är avsatt på morän och berg genom både fältförsök och laboratorieanalyser av prover. Informationen kombineras för att konstruera en lagerförd jordmodell av platsen för att beräkna jordens dynamiska respons till följd av en punktlast. Modellen valideras med vibrationsmätningar som utförts på platsen. Studien visar att detaljerad information angående lerans materialdämpning och de mekaniska egenskaperna av jordens översta lager har en stor inverkan på förutsägelser av jordens dynamiska respons vid ytan, speciellt vid stora avstånd från vibrationskällan.

Experimentella tester utförs för att mäta dynamiska impedanser av fyra slagna spetsbärande betongpålar. Interaktionen mellan pålarna utvärderas genom att utföra mätningarav de omgivande pålarnas respons till följd av excitering av en påle. Pålgruppen sammanfogas därefter i ett betongfundament och impedanserna samt accelerationer inuti pålarna uppmäts. En numerisk modell baserad på de identifierade mekaniska egenskaperna av jorden upprättas och valideras genom mätningarna. De numeriska resultaten är i god överensstämmelse med de uppmätta vilket styrker användningen av numeriska modeller för att förutsäga interaktionen mellan jord och spetsbärandepålar under de studerade jordförhållandena.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 2021. , p. 38
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2021:217
Keywords [en]
Dynamic soil-structure interaction, Pile group, End-bearing piles, Dynamic impedance, Environmental vibration, Experimental validation
Keywords [sv]
Dynamisk jord-struktur-interaktion, Pålgrupp, Spetsbärande pålar, Dynamisk impedans, Omgivningsvibrationer, Experimentell validering
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291021ISBN: 978-91-7873-796-3 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-291021DiVA, id: diva2:1531950
Presentation
2021-03-29, Videolänk https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69844892559, Du som saknar dator /datorvana kontakta Jean-Marc Battini jeanmarc@kth.se / Use the e-mail address if you need technical assistance., Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF), 13466Vinnova, 2019-01156Swedish Transport Administration, TRV 2020/36503J. Gust. Richert stiftelse, 2018-00402
Note

QC 20210302

Available from: 2021-03-02 Created: 2021-02-28 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Assessment of small-strain characteristics for vibration predictions in a Swedish clay deposit
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessment of small-strain characteristics for vibration predictions in a Swedish clay deposit
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Environmental vibrations induced by human activities such as traffic, construction or industrial manufacturing can cause disturbance among residents or to vibration sensitive equipment inbuildings. In Sweden, geological formations of soft clay overlying a stiff bedrock are soil conditions prone to ground vibrations that are encountered both in urban areas and along parts of the national railway network. This paper presents an extensive investigation of the small-strain soil properties for the prediction of environmental ground vibrations in a shallow clay where the bedrock is situated at 7.5 m depth. The small-strain properties are estimated using available empirical correlations, bender elements, seismic cone penetration tests, seismic refraction and inversion of surface wave dispersion and attenuation curves. The results are synthesised into a dynamic layered soil model which is validated by measurements at the soil’s surface at source-receiver distances up to 90 m in the frequency range 1–80 Hz. Analyses of uncertainties in the estimated values of wave speeds and material damping are performed by model investigations, indicating that surface wave tests overestimate the damping compared to bender element tests. The properties of the topmost unsaturated part of the soil is found to have a significant influenceon the response at large distances, caused by critically refracted P-waves resonating in the top layer.

Keywords
Environmental vibration, Dynamic soil properties, Clay, Surface waves, Topsoil
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Civil Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291019 (URN)
Funder
Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF), 13466Vinnova, 2019-01156Swedish Transport Administration, TRV 2020/36503J. Gust. Richert stiftelse, 2018-00402
Note

QC 20210301

Available from: 2021-02-28 Created: 2021-02-28 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved
2. Dynamic response of driven end-bearing piles and a pile group in soft clay: an experimental validation study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamic response of driven end-bearing piles and a pile group in soft clay: an experimental validation study
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents an extensive measurement campaign of the dynamic response of driven end-bearing piles and a pile group in soft clay. Results from measurements conducted on the free-top piles and and the piles joined in a concrete cap are presented. The measured frequency responses are subsequently used to obtain the impedances, characterising the dynamic stiffness and damping of the piles and the pile foundation. The piles are instrumented with accelerometers at several points along the length of the piles which allows to validate the dynamic motion of the piles atdepth due to pile head and pile cap excitation. Numerical predictions based solely on information of the small-strain soil properties obtained from extensive site investigations are compared to the experimental results. The numerical model captures the pile-soil-pile interactions and the motion of the piles within the soil well, suggesting that reliable predictions can be made for the considered soil conditions if the small-strain soil properties are well known.

Keywords
End-bearing piles, Dynamic impedance, Soil-structure interaction, Pile group, Environmental vibration, Pile-soil-pile interaction
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Building Technologies Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291020 (URN)
Funder
Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF), 13466Vinnova, 2019-01156Swedish Transport Administration, TRV 2020/36503J. Gust. Richert stiftelse, 2018-00402
Available from: 2021-02-28 Created: 2021-02-28 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved

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