The aim of this chapter is to provide a general picture of cargo theft in Brazil, focusing on the nature of the crime and its temporal-spatial distribution in São Paulo, one of the most economically dynamic states of the country. The study makes use of multiple datasets from 2001 to 2016. Findings show signs that cargo theft has indirect connections with retail as most stolen goods are foods, drinks, electronics, tobacco and pharmaceuticals. Most incidents occur during weekdays when most retail and service establishments are operating. Although the São Paulo state capital shows the highest levels of cargo theft, it is in non-metropolitan areas that records of this offence are on the rise. Intra-state patterns show a convergence tendency of cargo theft levels over time between São Paulo’s metropolitan area and non-metropolitan municipalities. The chapter finalizes suggesting a research agenda to improve the understanding of the phenomenon and its prevention.