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Electrostatic Solitary Waves in the Earth's Bow Shock: Nature, Properties, Lifetimes, and Origin
Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia..
Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
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2021 (English)In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics, ISSN 2169-9380, E-ISSN 2169-9402, Vol. 126, no 7, article id e2021JA029357Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a statistical analysis of >2,100 bipolar electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) collected from 10 quasi-perpendicular Earth's bow shock crossings by Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. We developed and implemented a correction procedure for reconstruction of actual electric fields, velocities, and other properties of ESW, whose spatial scales are typically comparable with or smaller than spatial distance between voltage-sensitive probes. We found that more than 95% of the ESW are of negative polarity with amplitudes typically below a few Volts and 0.1T(e) (5-30 V or 0.1-0.3T(e) for a few percent of ESW), spatial scales of 10-100 m or lambda(D)-10 lambda(D), and velocities from a few tens to a few hundred km/s that is on the order of local ion-acoustic speed. The spatial scales of ESW are correlated with local Debye length lambda(D). The ESW have electric fields generally oblique to magnetic field and they propagate highly oblique to shock normal N; more than 80% of ESW propagate within 30 degrees of the shock plane LM. In the shock plane, ESW typically propagates within a few tens of degrees of local magnetic field projection B-LM and preferentially opposite to N x B-LM. We argue that the ESW of negative polarity are ion holes produced by ion-ion streaming instabilities. We estimate ion hole lifetimes to be 10-100 ms, or 1-10 km in terms of traveling distance. The revealed statistical properties will be useful for quantitative studies of electron thermalization in the Earth's bow shock.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Geophysical Union (AGU) , 2021. Vol. 126, no 7, article id e2021JA029357
Keywords [en]
collisionless shocks, Earth's bow shock, electrostatic fluctuations, ion holes, ion streaming instabilities, electron thermalization
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300033DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029357ISI: 000679109000024Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85111656720OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-300033DiVA, id: diva2:1587603
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QC 20210825

Available from: 2021-08-25 Created: 2021-08-25 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Lindqvist, Per-Arne

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