The key factor for promoting bioeconomy and circularity in the cities is to examine waste streams such as municipal wastewater, sludge, solid waste, food waste, bakery industry waste, and pulp and paper industry waste as raw materials rather than wastes to be disposed. In this regard, biorefinery concept is promising for converting biomass into valuable products. Biomethane, high market value volatile fatty acids, and polyhydroxyalkanoates are some of the main outstanding products for waste biorefineries. Algal biorefinery concept is also promising as serving as a multiple product factory that can also be integrated with municipal wastewater systems. Phosphorus recovery is also essential to control eutrophication in the receiving water bodies and reversing phosphorus back to the market. Therefore, future management of cities should include these specified approaches to support circularity and minimize possible environmental problems.