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Short-term maintenance planning of autonomous trucks for minimizing economic risk
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Engineering Design, Mechatronics and Embedded Control Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7933-039x
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Decision and Control Systems (Automatic Control).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3672-5316
Scania CV AB, SE-151 87 Södertälje, Sweden.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2011-6273
2022 (English)In: Reliability Engineering & System Safety, ISSN 0951-8320, E-ISSN 1879-0836, Vol. 220, article id 108251Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

New autonomous driving technologies are emerging every day and some of them have been commercially applied in the real world. While benefiting from these technologies, autonomous trucks are facing new challenges in short-term maintenance planning, which directly influences the truck operator’s profit. In this paper, we implement a vehicle health management system by addressing the maintenance planning issues of autonomous trucks on a transport mission. We also present a maintenance planning model using a risk-based decision-making method, which identifies the maintenance decision with minimal economic risk of the truck company. Both availability losses and maintenance costs are considered when evaluating the economic risk. We demonstrate the proposed model by numerical experiments illustrating real-world scenarios. In the experiments, compared to three baseline methods, the expected economic risk of the proposed method is reduced by up to 47%. We also conduct sensitivity analyses of different model parameters. The analyses show that the economic risk significantly decreases when the estimation accuracy of remaining useful life, the maximal allowed time of delivery delay before order cancellation, or the number of workshops increases. The experiment results contribute to identifying future research and development attentions of autonomous trucks from an economic perspective.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2022. Vol. 220, article id 108251
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Transport Science, Transport Systems; Industrial Information and Control Systems; Planning and Decision Analysis, Risk and Safety
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307578DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2021.108251ISI: 000760343700003Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85121243907OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-307578DiVA, id: diva2:1633656
Note

QC 20220328

Available from: 2022-01-31 Created: 2022-01-31 Last updated: 2023-05-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Application of Integrated Vehicle Health Management in Automated Decision-making for Driverless Vehicles
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Application of Integrated Vehicle Health Management in Automated Decision-making for Driverless Vehicles
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Vehicles are becoming increasingly complex and are prone to faults and failures, which threaten the dependability of vehicles in terms of availability, reliability, safety, and security. When vehicles are detected with certain types of faults and get into alarm situations, human drivers play a vital role in deciding what strategies and actions to take. Once driverless vehicles are introduced, human drivers' roles in decision-making will no longer exist, which urges new solutions on both technological and managerial levels. 

This thesis depicts the current human decision-making process by analyzing field study data in the truck industry, which contributes to gaining domain knowledge and identifying research gaps. An integrated vehicle health management scheme is applied to automate this decision-making process by integrating vehicle health state estimation and prediction, resource utilization, and self-adaptive management. To implement this scheme, fault diagnosis and decision-making methods are proposed, and a decision support system is designed. 

Fault diagnosis is a critical functional module for providing reliable vehicle health state information for decision-making. To address the influence of uncertainties in fault diagnosis, we propose an uncertainty analysis framework and a fault diagnosis method using Bayesian inference.Simulation experiments validate that the proposed method could effectively diagnose the root cause of fault symptoms under environmental uncertainty. 

A risk-based automated decision-making method is presented, which imitates the human decision-making process.On this basis, a collaborative decision-making method is proposed by considering traffic congestion, which is a currently neglected public concern.Experiment results show that the proposed methods could effectively reduce the economic risk and the risk of traffic congestion.

In the end, a decision support system is designed to provide decision information to its human users. Besides, reviewing and learning functions are considered for gaining knowledge and achieving full automation in the long run. Additional system stakeholders from the public sector regarding safety, traffic, and the environment are considered. A transparent, interactive, and adaptive graphical user interface of the system is designed to enhance user experience and trust.

This thesis shows the potential of automated decision-making and technical system design in increasing corporate profits, catalyzing public-private partnerships, enabling technological transformation, and achieving a more sustainable transportation system.

Abstract [sv]

Fordon blir allt mer komplexa och är benägna att få fler felkällor, vilket hotar fordonens pålitlighet när det gäller tillgänglighet, tillförlitlighet och säkerhet.När fordon upptäcks med vissa typer av fel och hamnar i larmsituationer spelar mänskliga förare en avgörande roll när det gäller att bestämma vilka åtgärder som ska vidtas.När förarlösa fordon väl har introducerats kommer mänskliga förares roller i beslutsfattandet inte längre vara tillgängligt, vilket kräver nya lösningar på både teknisk nivå och på ledningsnivå.

Denna avhandling skildrar den nuvarande mänskliga beslutsprocessen genom att analysera fältstudiedata i lastbilsindustrin, vilket bidrar till mer kunskap om området och att identifiera forskningsluckor.Ett integrerat system för fordonshälsa används för att automatisera denna beslutsprocess genom att integrera uppskattning och förutsägelse av fordonets hälsotillstånd, resursanvändning och fordonets möjlighet att själva anpassa sig för att hantera fel.För att implementera detta schema föreslås feldiagnostik och beslutsmetoder, och ett beslutsstödssystem utformas.

Feldiagnos är en kritisk funktionsmodul för att tillhandahålla tillförlitlig information om fordonets hälsotillstånd för beslutsfattande.För att hantera osäkerheter i feldiagnostik, föreslår vi ett ramverk för osäkerhetsanalys och en feldiagnosmetod som använder Bayesiansk slutledning.Simuleringsexperiment bekräftar att den föreslagna metoden effektivt kan diagnostisera grundorsaken till felsymptom, även vid osäkerhet om fordonets kontext.

En riskbaserad automatiserad beslutsmetod presenteras, som imiterar den mänskliga beslutsprocessen.På grundval av detta föreslås en samarbetsmetod för beslutsfattande genom att överväga trafikstockningar, som är ett stort allmänt problem.Experimentresultat visar att de föreslagna metoderna effektivt kan minska den ekonomiska risken och risken för trafikstockningar.

Dessutom har ett system för beslutsstöd utformats för att ge information till mänskliga användare.Dessutom övervägs gransknings- och inlärningsfunktioner för att få kunskap och uppnå full automation på längre sikt.Ytterligare aktörer från offentlig sektor avseende säkerhet, trafik och miljö beaktas även.Ett transparent, interaktivt och adaptivt grafiskt användargränssnitt för systemet är utformat för att förbättra användarupplevelsen och förtroendet.

Denna avhandling visar potentialen hos automatiserat beslutsfattande och teknisk systemdesign för att öka företagens vinster, ökad möjligheten till partnerskap mellan offentlig och privata aktörer samt möjliggöra teknisk transformation och för att uppnå ett mer hållbart transportsystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 66
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2023:15
Keywords
Driverless vehicles, Integrated vehicle health management, Automated decision-making, Fault diagnosis, Public-private partnership., Förarlösa fordon, Integrerad fordonshälsohantering, Automatiserat beslutsfattande, Feldiagnostik, Offentligt-privat partnerskap.
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering Control Engineering
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326545 (URN)978-91-8040-598-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-05-29, F3 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68692607321, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-05-04 Created: 2023-05-04 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved

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Xin, TaoMårtensson, JonasPernestål Brenden, Anna

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