kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Planning for equitable emergency health care: Assessing the geography of ambulance supply and demand in Sweden
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8958-107X
2022 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Providing high-quality health care to everyone who needs it is a central objective for theSwedish health care system. One way in which this goal is broadly pursued is by allocatingresources that maximize the geographical coverage of ambulances, aiming at reducingambulance response times as much as possible, for as many as possible. However, in reality,emergencies tend to be concentrated in space and time. They are more likely to occur atparticular places and times, following people’s routine activities. Likewise, some groups aremore likely to require acute health care, implying that supply needs to be tailored to patientdemand. This thesis investigates the nature of emergency health care (EHC) services byassessing the temporal and the geographical distribution of ambulance services from a supplyand demand perspective using southern Sweden as a study area. Geographical informationsystem (GIS), spatial analysis and regression models underpin the methodology of the study.Findings indicate that there currently exist disparities in access to EHC services in Sweden,both between urban and rural areas and between sociodemographic groups. Depending on howaccessibility is measured, different spatial patterns emerge, suggesting that the current practiceof measuring response times should be complemented by alternative measures of accessibilityin an attempt to reduce inequities in access to ambulances between groups and places. Resultsalso indicate that the demand for EHC services varies both spatially and temporally, and thatdemographic and land use differences can be helpful in explaining such variations. The thesishighlights that currently employed EHC policy goals may entail unexpected inequities in theaccess to and supply of ambulances and, consequently, of EHC. As such, the study opens upfor a discussion on how useful quantitative measures can be in revealing group inequities inaccess to EHC.

Abstract [sv]

Att erbjuda god tillgång till vård för hela befolkningen är ett centralt mål för det svenskavårdsystemet. Detta eftersträvas genom att resurser fördelas på ett sätt som maximerar dengeografiska täckningen av ambulanser, där målet är att minska ambulansers responstider såmycket som möjligt, för så många som möjligt. I verkligheten är akuta situationerkoncentrerade i både tid och rum. De uppstår på specifika platser, vid specifika tidpunkter ochreflekterar till viss del människors rutinmässiga rörelsemönster. Samtidigt löper vissa grupperstörre risk att drabbas av akuta sjukdomar eller skador, vilket insinuerar att tillhandahållandetav resurser behöver skräddarsys efter behov, snarare än populationsmängd. Den härlicentiatavhandlingen undersöker akutvården genom att analysera temporala och geografiskafördelningen av ambulansresurser utifrån ett tillgång- och efterfrågan-perspektiv i södraSverige. Metoderna som studierna baserades på innefattade användandet av geografiskainformationssystem (GIS), rumslig analys och regressionsmodeller. Resultaten indikerar attdet finns skillnader i tillgång till akutvård i Sverige, både mellan stad och landsbygd ochmellan sociodemografiska grupper. Beroende på hur tillgång mäts uppstår olika rumsligamönster av skillnader i tillgång, vilket pekar på att nuvarande sätt att mäta responstid bordekompletteras med alternativa mått. Detta skulle kunna bidra till att minska ojämlikheter itillgång till ambulansvård. Resultaten indikerar också att behov för akutvård varierar över tidoch rum, och att både demografiska variabler och olika typer av markanvändning kan bidratill att förklara sådana variationer. Den här avhandlingen visar på att nuvarande policymålinom akutvård kan leda till oväntad ojämlikhet vad gäller tillgång och efterfrågan tillambulans och, som en konsekvens, till akutvård generellt. Studierna öppnar således upp fören diskussion om hur användbara kvantitativa mått kan vara vad gäller att belysa ojämlikheteri tillgång till akutvård.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. , p. 22
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2215
Keywords [en]
emergency health care, spatial analysis, equity, policy
Keywords [sv]
akutvård, rumslig analys, jämlikhet, policy
National Category
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy Social and Economic Geography
Research subject
Planning and Decision Analysis, Urban and Regional Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-311148ISBN: 978-91-8040-223-1 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-311148DiVA, id: diva2:1652645
Presentation
2022-05-05, U61, Brinellvägen 26, KTH Campus, Videolänk: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67459705187, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC220420

Available from: 2022-04-20 Created: 2022-04-19 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Socio-spatial disparities in access to emergency health care—A Scandinavian case study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Socio-spatial disparities in access to emergency health care—A Scandinavian case study
2021 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 16, no 12, p. e0261319-e0261319Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Having timely access to emergency health care (EHC) depends largely on where you live. In this Scandinavian case study, we investigate how accessibility to EHC varies spatially in order to reveal potential socio-spatial disparities in access. Distinct measures of EHC accessibility were calculated for southern Sweden in a network analysis using a Geographical Information System (GIS) based on data from 2018. An ANOVA test was carried out to investigate how accessibility vary for different measures between urban and rural areas, and negative binominal regression modelling was then carried out to assess potential disparities in accessibility between socioeconomic and demographic groups. Areas with high shares of older adults show poor access to EHC, especially those in the most remote, rural areas. However, rurality alone does not preclude poor access to EHC. Education, income and proximity to ambulance stations were also associated with EHC accessibility, but not always in expected ways. Despite indications of a well-functioning EHC, with most areas served within one hour, socio-spatial disparities in access to EHC were detected both between places and population groups.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021
Keywords
spatial analysis, regression analysis, inequities, Sweden
National Category
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy Social and Economic Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-311136 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0261319 (DOI)000747293600043 ()34890436 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85121115481 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-00332
Note

QC 20220420

Duplicate with diva2:1637219 (part of thesis)

Available from: 2022-04-19 Created: 2022-04-19 Last updated: 2024-01-09Bibliographically approved
2. Spatiotemporal variations in ambulance demand: Towards equitable emergency services in Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spatiotemporal variations in ambulance demand: Towards equitable emergency services in Sweden
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in ambulance demand in Sweden. First, we evaluate how the demand varies between day and night and across urban and rural areas. Second, we assessed whether variations in demand can be associated with land use factors and sociodemographic characteristics of the population. 

Methods: A standardized ambulance demand ratio indicating whether ambulance demand exceeded the expected in an area, was calculated as a function of ambulance dispatch data from southern Sweden in 2018 and split by day and night time population. Spatial analysis using a geographical information system spatial statistical methods and modelling underlie the study methodology. 

Results: We found that although rural areas are associated with a higher risk of requiring an ambulance (especially in the daytime), this need may be obscured by the more numerous dispatches occurring in urban areas. Areas with a higher share of older adults are associated with a higher demand for ambulances, while areas with a high median income level lower the demand. The demand in areas with bars, nightclubs, schools, or road crossings reflects temporal variations in people’s routine activity in space. 

Conclusions: This study contributes knowledge that can be useful to rethink the future basis of equitable ambulance services.  

Keywords
emergency services, equity, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, Sweden.
National Category
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy Social and Economic Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-311140 (URN)
Note

QC 20220421

Available from: 2022-04-19 Created: 2022-04-19 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

Kappa endast(623 kB)354 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 623 kBChecksum SHA-512
05459b9b353e2d8f58d964701f73060cbb4281be23301063a17255899464701f65b3de8f19905d51995ac2d78c399cafaaaa969c3567afc9d9fcf4d14df3292a
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Hassler, Jacob
By organisation
Urban and Regional Studies
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health EconomySocial and Economic Geography

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 355 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 930 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf