kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Fuel Cells in Practice: Challenges and Benefits for AUVs
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics. (Centre for Naval Architecture)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1090-9168
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2336-9401
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3337-1900
2022 (English)In: Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This study focuses on the feasibility and benefits of implementing of a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system in the autonomous underwater vehicle LoLo. We highlight the practical implications and challenges related to such a power system conversion and compare the benefits of using a fuel cell system rather than a pure battery system. Storage of hydrogen and oxygen as pressurized gases is considered most suitable for a conversion of this kind. In order to outperform Li-ion battery packs, high-pressure gas storage is required, preferably at pressures of 500 MPa or higher. Through a market analysis, we analyze the performance of commercial gas cylinders in terms of volumetric and gravimetric densities. This information can subsequently be used to compare energy density and effective energy density for the respective power systems. The study exemplifies how fuel cell/battery hybrid systems can provide up to 75% higher effective energy density compared to conventional battery packs. Ongoing developments in the fuel cell and auxiliary system markets are likely to allow for further optimization of the fuel cell system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022.
Series
Ocean, ISSN 0197-7385
Keywords [en]
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle; AUV; battery; fuel cell
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312381DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSChennai45887.2022.9775283ISI: 000819486100079Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85131700571OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-312381DiVA, id: diva2:1658702
Conference
OCEANS 2022, Chennai, India, 21-24 February 2022
Note

QC 20220518

QC 20220715

Available from: 2022-05-17 Created: 2022-05-17 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. On the Performance of Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: Enhancing the Endurance of AUVs
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the Performance of Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: Enhancing the Endurance of AUVs
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are robotic platforms that are commonly used to gather environmental data, provide bathymetric images, and perform manipulation tasks. These robots are used not only for scientific, but also for industrial and military purposes. Climate change, political instabilities, and the increasing demand for both renewable and fossil energy sources have created a need for high-performance AUVs and particularly long-range AUVs.

The performance of long-range AUVs is characterised by several parameters, such as autonomous decision making, accurate navigation, system reliability, and vehicle endurance. The vehicle’s endurance is the key capability enabling long-range missions and is determined by the energy capacity and power consumption. By cruising at optimum speed, the vehicle endurance can be utilised most efficiently, resulting in the longest achievable vehicle range. The range of AUVs can be extended by maximising the available energy capacity and by minimising the overall power consumption. This thesis shows how the choices of propulsion system and power source can help improving the range of AUVs.

The power consumption comprises the hotel load and propulsive power. While the hotel load is largely depending on the payload sensors, the propulsive power can be minimised by choosing the right propulsion system. As a part of this thesis, the transit performance of underwater gliders is analysed using an analytical approach. The analysis yields a glide metric for the assessment of the energy efficiency of underwater gliding and allows for comparison to other conventional propulsion systems.

The most common energy systems for AUVs are primary and secondary electrochemical cells, in particular lithium-ion batteries. Alternative energy systems such as fuel cell (FC) systems can potentially improve the range of AUVs. Through a conceptual design study using off-the-shelf components, it is shown how FC systems can increase the energy capacity of AUVs. FC systems are typically implemented as hybrid systems paired with a small capacity battery system. Energy management strategies (EMS) are required to coordinate these two power sources. In this thesis, deterministic and optimisation-based strategies have been tested in simulations and evaluated against realistic AUV power consumption data from field trials. The results suggest that the complexity of the EMS needs to grow with mission complexity. While deterministic methods can yield the lowest energy consumption for standard missions (e.g. bathymetric imaging), optimisation-based methods provide best load-following behavior, making these methods better suited for retaining power reliability through maintaining battery state of charge.

Abstract [sv]

Autonoma undervattensfarkoster (AUV) är robotplattformar som vanligtvis används för att samla in miljödata, tillhandahålla batymetriska bilder och/eller utföra manipulationsuppgifter. Dessa robotar används inte bara för vetenskapliga, utan också industriella och militära ändamål. Klimatförändringar och politiska instabiliteter har skapat ett ökat behov av AUV:er med lång räckvidd som till exempel kan samla in oceanografisk data från under avlägsna antarktiska istungor eller utföra undervattens- och spaningsuppdrag för att säkerställa landets säkerhet. Idag hindras AUV:er i sin operation ofta av sin begränsade räckvidd och är dessutom generellt tvingade att färdas i låg hastighet. Ökad användning av AUV:er är därför starkt beroende av val av optimalt framdrivnings- och energisystem.

Konventionella framdrivningssystem omfattar propellrar och flytkraftsmotorer. Som en del av detta doktorsarbete analyseras analytiskt transitprestanda hos undervattens- glidare. Analysen ger ett ”glide-metric” som möjliggör snabb och enkel bedömning av effektiviteten av undervattensglidning med hjälp av fordonens hydrodynamiska koefficienter för lyft och motstånd – parametrar, som vanligtvis erhålls och finns tillgängliga under designprocessen. Resultaten visar vidare att för Myring-formade kroppar kan undervattensglidning vara den mest effektiva framdrivnings-metoden, givet en effektiv design av flytkraftsmotorn.

Idag drivs de flesta AUV:er av laddningsbara litiumjonbatterier. En alternativ lösning för att öka användbarheten av AUV:er är implementeringen av bränslecellssysteme (FCS). Genom konceptuell design med användning av färdiga komponenter visas i detta arbete hur FCS:er kan överträffa Li-ion-system när det gäller energitäthet på systemnivå. FC-systemet implementeras vanligtvis som hybridsystem parade med ett batterisystem med liten kapacitet. Energy Management Strategies (EMS) krävs för att samordna dessa två kraftkällor. Både deterministiska och optimeringsbaserade strategier har testats i simulering och utvärderats mot realistiska AUV-strömförbrukningsdata från fältförsök. Eftersom bränsleekonomi bara är en av flera utvärderingsparametrar, förutom t.ex. krafttillförlitlighet och systemförsämring, visar resultaten att komplexiteten hos EMS måste växa med uppdragets komplexitet

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2022:29
Keywords
Autonomous underwater vehicles, Underwater gliders, Propulsion, Fuel cell, Energy management strategies, Autonom undervattensfarkost, Undervattensglidning, Propulsion, Bränslecell, Energy Management Strategies
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Research subject
Vehicle and Maritime Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312392 (URN)978-91-8040-265-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-06-15, Auditorium, Kristineberg Center, 450 34 Fiskebäcksil, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, IRC15-0046
Note

QC 220518

Available from: 2022-05-18 Created: 2022-05-17 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(18775 kB)793 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 18775 kBChecksum SHA-512
85c4dd0956bcf627a213a8629d916be1e774420f75bc5fda786e8729252720c55ee518ab4c79b9250b7c2154628ce6281ecbafe511754e398a044c1bc90160df
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textScopusConference webpage

Authority records

Deutsch, ClemensThuné, SebastianTerán Espinoza, AldoKuttenkeuler, Jakob

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Deutsch, ClemensThuné, SebastianTerán Espinoza, AldoKuttenkeuler, Jakob
By organisation
Vehicle Engineering and Solid MechanicsEngineering Mechanics
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 793 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 518 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf