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TEM-wave propagation in a coaxial waveguide with impedance-matched RHM to LHM transition
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5396-141x
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0369-7520
2022 (English)In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 30, no 18, p. 32610-32620Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, we study TEM-wave propagation inside a hollow coaxial waveguide filled with an inhomogeneous metamaterial composite, with a graded transition between a right-handed material (RHM) and an impedance-matched left-handed material (LHM). The graded transition and the TEM-wave propagation occur in the direction perpendicular to the boundary between the two media, which has been chosen to be the z-direction. The relative permittivity epsilon(omega, z) and permeability mu(omega, z) of the RHM-LHM composite vary according to hyperbolic tangent functions along the z-direction. The exact analytical solutions to Maxwell's equations are derived, and the solutions for the field components and wave behavior confirm the expected properties of impedance-matched RHM-LHM structures. Furthermore, a numerical study of the wave propagation over an impedance-matched graded RHM-LHM interface, using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, is performed. An excellent agreement between the analytical results and numerical simulations is obtained, with a relative error of less than 0.1%. The present method has the ability to model smooth realistic material transitions, and includes the abrupt transition as a limiting case. Finally, the RHM-LHM interface width is included as a parameter in the analytical and numerical solutions, allowing for an additional degree of freedom in the design of practical devices using RHM-LHM composites. Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Optica Publishing Group , 2022. Vol. 30, no 18, p. 32610-32620
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319075DOI: 10.1364/OE.460924ISI: 000850229100087PubMedID: 36242318Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85137128156OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-319075DiVA, id: diva2:1698918
Note

Correction in doi 10.1364/OE.591274

QC 20260305

Available from: 2022-09-26 Created: 2022-09-26 Last updated: 2026-03-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Analytical and numerical studies of wave propagation in waveguides filled with graded metamaterial structures
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analytical and numerical studies of wave propagation in waveguides filled with graded metamaterial structures
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates wave propagation in waveguides with different cross-sectional geometries, filled with graded metamaterial structures. The growing interest in graded metamaterials in electromagnetic applications and models is motivated by their realism, mathematical simplicity, and versatility, compared to the conventional materials that are in use today. The majority of the research community resorts to the use of numerical implementations and solvers for obtaining a solution for the field distribution and propagation characteristics. However, these methods do not provide explicit physical insight into the connection between the steepness of the graded-index profiles and their respective field solutions. Thus, the motivation for the research in this thesis is to focus on analytically solving the wave equation for several graded-index profiles to gain physical insight into the field solutions and what phenomena may be predicted from these results.

The research in this thesis focuses on the graded impedance-matched RHM-LHM profile, which is a composite material involving an impedance-matched transition from a right-handed material to a left-handed material. The profile possesses a variable transition steepness of the relative material parameter values and dispersive characteristics. These variable properties act as degrees of freedom, thereby introducing a high degree of modeling flexibility and allowing for the study of wave propagation under more general conditions. Both non-periodic and periodic impedance-matched RHM-LHM transition profiles have been theoretically studied here using analytical functions. It is of interest to study these RHM-LHM composite materials, as the interaction between a regular material and a metamaterial may lead to newly discovered phenomena, novel analytical expressions of electromagnetic fields, and provide a deeper understanding of the underlying principles at the interface between such media.

The solution method is based on describing these graded metamaterial structures by their relative permittivity and permeability functions, where either one or both of these properties have a graded transition profile. The wave equation for each metamaterial structure is derived using Maxwell's equations and solved using the boundary conditions imposed by the waveguide geometry. The field distribution and propagation characteristics for a given electromagnetic mode are analytically expressed and visualized using the numerical software tool MATLAB. Furthermore, numerical results are obtained using the numerical software tool COMSOL Multiphysics, which are then compared with the analytical results to validate the analytical expressions derived from the wave equation.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker vågutbredning i vågledare med olika tvärsnitts-geometrier, som är fyllda med graderade metamaterialstrukturer. Det växande intresset för graderade metamaterial i elektromagnetiska tillämpningar motiveras av deras realism, matematiska enkelhet och mångsidighet, jämfört med de konventionella material som används idag. Majoriteten av forskningen inom området använder sig av numeriska implementeringar och lösare för att erhålla en lösning för fältfördelnings- och utbredningsegenskaperna. Dessa metoder ger dock inte explicit fysikalisk insikt i sambandet mellan de graderade materialprofilerna och deras respektive fältlösningar. Motivationen bakom denna forskning är därför att fokusera på att analytiskt lösa vågekvationen för realistiska graderade indexprofiler, för att få ökad fysikalisk insikt i fältlösningarna, samt vilka fenomen som kan förutsägas utifrån dessa resultat.

Forskningen fokuserar på den graderade impedansmatchade RHM-LHM-profilen, vilket är ett kompositmaterial som involverar en impedansmatchad övergång från ett högerhänt material till ett vänsterhänt material. Profilen har en variabel branthet i övergången av de relativa materialparametrarna och dispersiva egenskaper. Dessa variabla egenskaper fungerar som frihetsgrader, vilket introducerar en hög grad av modelleringsflexibilitet och möjliggör studier av vågutbredning och fältfördelningar under mer generella förhållanden. Både icke-periodiska och periodiska impedansmatchade RHM-LHM-övergångsprofiler har här teoretiskt studerats med hjälp av analytiska funktioner. Det är av intresse att studera RHM-LHM kompositmaterial eftersom interaktionen mellan ett konventionellt material och ett metamaterial kan leda till nyupptäckta fenomen, nya analytiska uttryck för de elektromagnetiska fälten, och bidra till en djupare förståelse av de underliggande principerna för ett gränssnitt mellan sådana medier.

Arbetet går ut på att beskriva dessa graderade metamaterialstrukturer utifrån deras relativa permittivitets- och permeabilitetsfunktioner, där antingen en eller båda dessa egenskaper har en graderad övergångsprofil. Vågekvationen för varje metamaterialstruktur härleds med hjälp av Maxwells ekvationer och löses med hjälp av de randvillkor som vågledargeometrin ställer. Fältfördelnings- och utbredningsegenskaperna för en given elektromagnetisk mod uttrycks analytiskt och visualiseras med hjälp av det numeriska programvaruverktyget MATLAB. Vidare erhålls numeriska resultat med hjälp av det numeriska programvaruverktyget COMSOL Multiphysics, vilka sedan jämförs med de analytiska resultaten för att validera de analytiska uttryck som härletts från vågekvationen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 57
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:109
Keywords
graded-index profile, impedance matching, left-handed material (LHM), metamaterial, waveguide theory, graderad materialprofil, impedansmatchning, vänsterhänta material (LHM), metamaterial, vågledarteori
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373231 (URN)978-91-8106-480-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-12-18, H1, Teknikringen 33, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-05001KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Note

QC 20251124

Available from: 2025-11-24 Created: 2025-11-24 Last updated: 2025-11-25Bibliographically approved

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Rana, BalwanSvendsen, Brage B.Dalarsson, Mariana

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