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Analyzing the Impact of Die Positions inside the Power Module on the Reliability of Solder Layers for Different Power Cycling Scenarios
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3652-459X
KTH.
University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8565-4753
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2023 (English)In: 2023 24th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems, EuroSimE 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Solder layers, used as bonding material inside the power module to attach the semiconductor die on Direct Bond Copper (DBC) substrate and DBC substrate on baseplate, are one of the regions most prone to failure. The failure usually occurs in the form of solder cracks and depends on various operating conditions, such as-maximum temperature, temperature swing, and heating time. The cracks generated inside the solder layers can eventually result in its delamination. Power modules are usually power cycled to estimate the failure sites and mechanisms. However, the failure mechanisms can vary depending on the frequency, amplitude, and range of the temperature in the Power Cycling Tests (PCT). In this study, we have used the Finite Element Method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics to analyse the impact of the PCT on both die attach, and baseplate attach solder layers. Additionally, the effect of the degree of asymmetry in the die position on the reliability of both the solder layers are analysed. The FEA (Finite Element Analysis) results are analysed to have a better understanding about the aspects impacting the lifetime of the power module.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023.
Keywords [en]
finite element method, lifetime estimation, power cycling, Power module, solder, viscoplasticity
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-333344DOI: 10.1109/EuroSimE56861.2023.10100764ISI: 001058887300019Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85158148764OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-333344DiVA, id: diva2:1784983
Conference
24th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems, EuroSimE 2023, Graz, Austria, April 16-19, 2023
Note

Part of ISBN 9798350345971

QC 20260123

Available from: 2023-08-01 Created: 2023-08-01 Last updated: 2026-01-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Reliability Assessment and Health Diagnostic Methods for SiC MOSFET Devices
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reliability Assessment and Health Diagnostic Methods for SiC MOSFET Devices
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The transition toward high-efficiency electrified systems has accelerated the adoption of SiC MOSFET devices, whose performance benefits are often limited by package-related reliability challenges. This thesis investigates these challenges through two complementary research directions. The first focuses on the thermo-mechanical reliability of conventional, single-sided cooled (SSC), and double-sided cooled (DSC) SiC MOSFET packaging structures using finite-element modeling (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics. The impact of die placement, advanced interconnection technologies, solder and Ag-sinter materials, and Cu–Mo composite spacers is analyzed to understand temperature distribution, viscoplastic strain accumulation, and solder-layer lifetime under various power-cycling conditions. The results highlight important design trade-offs and identify advanced packaging configurations and materials that improve both thermal and mechanical performance.

The second part of this thesis develops experimental health-diagnostic methods using degradation data obtained from the power-cycling test (PCT) setup. Commercially available TO-247-3 packaged SiC MOSFET devices were degraded using inverse-mode and forward-mode PCTs, enabling a detailed investigation of body-diode forward-voltage reduction, package-related degradation, and ON-state resistance (RdsON) drift in SiC MOSFETs. A compensated RdsON-based diagnostic method is introduced and experimentally validated for the reliable detection of package-related degradation. Additionally, a diagnostic technique for early bond wire failure detection is proposed and experimentally validated.

Abstract [sv]

Behovet av energieffektiva elektrifierade drivsystem har accelererat användningen av SiC-MOSFET-komponenter, vars prestandafördelar ofta inte kommer till sin rätt p.g.a. osäkerhet kring tillförlitlighet. Denna avhandling undersöker dessa frågor genom två kompletterande forskningsinriktningar. Den första fokuserar på den termomekaniska tillförlitligheten hos enkelsidigt kylda och dubbelsidigt kylda SiC-MOSFET-kapslingar med hjälp av finit-element-modellering (FEM) i programvaran COMSOL Multiphysics. Effekten av chipplacering, avancerade sammanfogningstekniker, löd- och sintermaterial samt distanser i koppar och molybden analyseras för att förstå temperaturfördelning, viskoplastisk töjning och lödskiktens livslängd under olika effektcyklingsförhållanden. Resultaten belyser viktiga konstruktionsavvägningar och identifierar kapslingskonfigurationer och -material som förbättrar både termisk och mekanisk prestanda.

Den andra delen av avhandlingen utvecklar experimentella diagnostiska metoder baserade på degraderingsdata insamlade från en effektcyklingsrigg. Kommersiellt tillgängliga SiC-MOSFET-komponenter i TO-247-3-kapsling degraderades med ström i både fram- och backriktningen, vilket möjliggjorde en detaljerad undersökning av backdiodens framspänningsreduktion, kapslingsrelaterad degradering och drift i ledtillståndet (RdsON). En kompenserad diagnostisk metod, baserad på RdsON, introduceras och valideras experimentellt för tillförlitlig detektion av kapslingsrelaterad degradering. Dessutom presenteras och valideras experimentellt en diagnostikmetod för tidig detektion av fel relaterade till bond-trådar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. xviii, 75
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2026:10
Keywords
Bond wire, COMSOL Multiphysics, condition monitoring, double-sided cool, failure analysis, health diagnostic, lifetime estimation, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), ON-state resistance, packaging, package-related failures, power cycling, power module, reliability, semiconductor packaging, silicon carbide (SiC), single-sided cool, TO-247, Bond wire, COMSOL Multiphysics, tillståndsövervakning, dubbelsidig kylning, felanalys, hälsodiagnostik, livslängdsuppskattning, metalloxid-halvledarfälteffekttransistor (MOSFET), ON-tillståndsresistans, förpackning, kapslingsrelaterade fel, effektcykling, effektmodul, tillförlitlighet, halvledarkapsling, kiselkarbid (SiC), enkelsidig kylning, TO-247
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375853 (URN)978-91-8106-516-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-02-20, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63066113234, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Note

QC 20260123

Available from: 2026-01-23 Created: 2026-01-22 Last updated: 2026-02-09Bibliographically approved

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Singh, Bhanu PratapNorrga, StaffanNee, Hans-Peter

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