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Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Bi2Te3 Synthesized through Hydrothermal and Thermolysis Routes
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2537-8216
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5672-5727
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0493-7792
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Bismuth telluride-Bi2Te3 is a promising material for harvesting thermal energyfor applications near room temperature, where large-area applications requirenew methods of depositing pre-made particulate materials. Electrophoretic deposition(EPD) technique has the promise of enabling the formation of thickfilms using colloidally stabilized suspensions of pre-made nanoparticles. It isvery important to understand the thermoelectric (TE) materials’ performancein relation to the synthetic process, to enable promising and scalable materialstechnologies. EPD films allow to study the effect of surface chemistry, stronglylinked to the synthetic route, on the material’s physico-chemical and transportproperties. Here we report on the synthesis of Bi2Te3 through wet-chemicalreactions performed in two different media as water (hydrothermal-Hydro) andoil (thermolysis-Thermo). Synthesized materials possess platelet morphology,which were then used to fabricated EPD films on specially developed glass substrates. Characterization of the materials and films reveal significant differencesbetween the surface chemistry of the EPD films of Hydro- and Thermo-Bi2Te3samples, where a higher content of metal oxide phases are observed in the Hydro-Bi2Te3 sample. This has a big impact the electronic transport properties, asrevealed by about nine times higher resistance, confirmed by significantly higheractivation energy, of the Hydro-Bi2Te3 film as compared to the Thermo-Bi2Te3film. Slight difference in the Seebeck coefficient (S) was explained by the effectivemedium theory, revealing that the magnitude of S is linearly correlatedwith the surface oxide content. Based on the findings, TE materials synthesizedthrough thermolysis route is recommended for future studies focusing on EPD of TE materials.

National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-334382OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-334382DiVA, id: diva2:1789304
Note

QC 20230825

Available from: 2023-08-18 Created: 2023-08-18 Last updated: 2023-08-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Synthesis, Electrophoretic Deposition, and Characterization of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Synthesis, Electrophoretic Deposition, and Characterization of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The world’s increasing demand for energy and supplying this energy dominantlyfrom fossil fuels has a major impact on global climate change. Theenergy crisis has gotten more alarming in the recent years which increasedthe motivation for replacing fossil fuels with greener routes for energy harvest.There are various technologies developed for harvesting energy, andthe ability to recover energy from waste heat at a wide range of temperatures (from room temperature to more than 1000C) distinguished thethermoelectric (TE) materials from the rest. The drawback about the thermoelectricdevices is that they are too inefficient to be cost-effective in manyapplications, and the developments in nanotechnology is providing somesolutions to increase the efficiency of these materials and devices.

The field of thermoelectrics suffer from large discrepancy of theresults in the literature, which is generally attributed to the variations inthe materials qualities, urging a need for the development of synthetictechniques that can lead to large-scale TE materials in reasonable timeframe. In this thesis, three different routes for rapid, scalable, and energyefficient, wet-chemical synthetic techniques for bismuth chalcogenidecompounds are presented. Microwave assisted heating during reactionprovided better control over the particle properties while reducing thereaction time and carbon footprint of the synthetic method, leading tomaterials bismuth chalcogenides with promising TE transport propertiesin a scalable and reproducible manner.

Hybrid TE materials, and recently emerging solid-liquid TE materialsconcept, requires fabrication of porous TE films, to study the effect of variousinterfaces, including solid and liquid electrolytes. For this purpose, wedeveloped and optimized the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process toprepare nanostructured porous TE films by preserving the size and morphologyof the as-synthesized bismuth chalcogenide particles. A new glass based substrate is designed and fabricated to study the electronic transportproperties of the electrically active films prepared via EPD. Using this platform,we could clearly demonstrate the significance of the synthetic methodon the surface chemistry and resultant transport properties of the TE materials.The methods and materials developed in this thesis are expected toimpact and expedite further developments in the field of thermoelectrics.

Abstract [sv]

Världens ökande efterfrågan på energi och att tillhandahålla denna energifrämst från fossila bränslen har en betydande inverkan på den globalaklimatförändringen. Energikrisen har blivit allt mer alarmerande de senasteåren, vilket har ökat motivationen att ersätta fossila bränslen med grönaenergilösningar. Det har utvecklats olika tekniker för energiutvinning, menförmågan att återvinna energi från spillvärme vid ett brett temperaturintervall(från rumstemperatur till över 1000 °C) skiljer termoelektriska (TE)material från övriga. Nackdelen med TE-enheter är att de är för ineffektivaför att vara kostnadseffektiva i många tillämpningar, där utvecklingen inomnanoteknik erbjuder vissa lösningar för att öka effektiviteten hos dessamaterial och enheter.

Inom området för TE-material finns det stora avvikelser i resultaten i litteraturen,vilket i allmänhet tillskrivs variationer i materialkvaliteten. Detfinns ett behov av att utveckla syntetiska tekniker som kan leda till högeffektivaTE-material i storskalig produktion på rimlig tid. I denna avhandlingpresenteras tre olika metoder för snabb, skalbar och energieffektiv våtkemisksyntetisering av bismutkalkogenidföreningar. Mikrovågsassisteraduppvärmning under reaktionen gav bättre kontroll över partikelegenskapernasamtidigt som reaktionstiden och koldioxidavtrycket för den syntetiskametoden minskade, vilket resulterade i bismutkalkogenider med lovandeTE-transportegenskaper på ett skalbart och reproducerbart sätt.

Hybrida TE-material och det nyligen framkomna konceptet med fastvätska-TE-material kräver framställning av porösa TE-filmer för att studeraeffekten av olika gränssnitt, inklusive fasta och flytande elektrolyter. Fördetta ändamål har vi utvecklat och optimerat elektroforesdepositionsprocessen(EPD) för att framställa nanostrukturerade porösa TE-filmer genomatt bevara storlek och morfologi hos de syntetiserade bismutkalkogenidpartiklarna. En ett nytt substrat baserat på glas har designats och tillverkats föratt studera de elektroniska transportegenskaperna hos de elektriskt aktivafilmerna som framställts via EPD. Med denna plattform kunde vi tydligt visabetydelsen av syntesmetoden för yt-kemin och de resulterande transportegenskapernahos TE-filmerna. De metoder och material som utvecklats idenna avhandling förväntas påverka och påskynda vidareutvecklingen inomforskningsområdet för TE-material.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:38
Keywords
Thermoelectric, Bismuth telluride, Antimony telluride, Hydrothermal synthesis, Thermolysis, Polyol, Electrophoretic deposition, EPD, Seebeck coefficient, Thermoelectric power factor, Colloidal stabilization
National Category
Nano Technology Materials Chemistry
Research subject
Physics, Material and Nano Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-334386 (URN)978-91-8040-651-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-09-15, FA32, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 13:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2023-08-21

Available from: 2023-08-21 Created: 2023-08-18 Last updated: 2023-08-21Bibliographically approved

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Batili, HazalHamawandi, BejanErgül, AdemToprak, Muhammet

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