This paper explores the use of probabilistic design for mining activities and how to integrate probabilistic design into decision making in mining engineering. Mining design differs from civil rock engineering design with respect to exhibiting more demanding, and continuously changing, stress conditions, different excavation/extraction methods, and a larger scale of the operations. Relevant examples on the use of probabilistic-based design methods in civil and mining engineering are presented together with commonalities and case-specific characteristics. The acceptance level for the probability of failure is a part of the risk-based design process and needs to be selected together with decision-makers from other disciplines in the mine. Based on experience from, and commonalities with, civil engineering, the integration of probabilistic design in underground mining should focus on the uncertainty of material properties (e.g., effect of spatial variability, parameter distribution, etc.) and on how to implement theoretical findings into engineering practice. The probabilistic design assessment methods should be further evaluated by applying them to real mining cases.