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Analysis of the Thermo-mechanical Performance of Double-Sided Cooled Power Modules
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3652-459X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2167-4616
Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1755-1365
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2024 (English)In: 2024 25th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems, EuroSimE 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Double-sided cooled (DSC) power semiconductor modules have garnered increased interest over the past decade due to their ability to offer an additional path for heat removal, facilitating higher power density operation while reducing junction temperatures and thermal stresses. Nevertheless, when operating at similar junction temperatures, DSC modules might exhibit elevated thermo-mechanical stress compared to single-sided cooled (SSC) modules. This increase can be attributed to restricted vertical movement within the DSC modules. Furthermore, the integration of various spacers within the DSC modules, which enable bond wire connections to gate terminals, can significantly influence both the thermal performance and induced thermo-mechanical stresses. Depending on the materials used in the spacer, the thermal performance and thermo-mechanical stresses inside the module can vary. In this study, we have first analysed the thermal performance of the DSC power modules employing different spacers. Following that, we have also performed thermo-mechanical analysis in different solder layers. Finally, fatigue analysis is done to demonstrate the weakest solder layer inside the package.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024.
Keywords [en]
double-sided cool, finite element, power module, reliability
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346144DOI: 10.1109/EuroSimE60745.2024.10491556Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85191151239OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-346144DiVA, id: diva2:1855929
Conference
25th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems, EuroSimE 2024, Catania, Italy, April 7-10, 2024
Note

Part of ISBN 9798350393637

QC 20260123

Available from: 2024-05-03 Created: 2024-05-03 Last updated: 2026-01-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Reliability Assessment and Health Diagnostic Methods for SiC MOSFET Devices
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reliability Assessment and Health Diagnostic Methods for SiC MOSFET Devices
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The transition toward high-efficiency electrified systems has accelerated the adoption of SiC MOSFET devices, whose performance benefits are often limited by package-related reliability challenges. This thesis investigates these challenges through two complementary research directions. The first focuses on the thermo-mechanical reliability of conventional, single-sided cooled (SSC), and double-sided cooled (DSC) SiC MOSFET packaging structures using finite-element modeling (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics. The impact of die placement, advanced interconnection technologies, solder and Ag-sinter materials, and Cu–Mo composite spacers is analyzed to understand temperature distribution, viscoplastic strain accumulation, and solder-layer lifetime under various power-cycling conditions. The results highlight important design trade-offs and identify advanced packaging configurations and materials that improve both thermal and mechanical performance.

The second part of this thesis develops experimental health-diagnostic methods using degradation data obtained from the power-cycling test (PCT) setup. Commercially available TO-247-3 packaged SiC MOSFET devices were degraded using inverse-mode and forward-mode PCTs, enabling a detailed investigation of body-diode forward-voltage reduction, package-related degradation, and ON-state resistance (RdsON) drift in SiC MOSFETs. A compensated RdsON-based diagnostic method is introduced and experimentally validated for the reliable detection of package-related degradation. Additionally, a diagnostic technique for early bond wire failure detection is proposed and experimentally validated.

Abstract [sv]

Behovet av energieffektiva elektrifierade drivsystem har accelererat användningen av SiC-MOSFET-komponenter, vars prestandafördelar ofta inte kommer till sin rätt p.g.a. osäkerhet kring tillförlitlighet. Denna avhandling undersöker dessa frågor genom två kompletterande forskningsinriktningar. Den första fokuserar på den termomekaniska tillförlitligheten hos enkelsidigt kylda och dubbelsidigt kylda SiC-MOSFET-kapslingar med hjälp av finit-element-modellering (FEM) i programvaran COMSOL Multiphysics. Effekten av chipplacering, avancerade sammanfogningstekniker, löd- och sintermaterial samt distanser i koppar och molybden analyseras för att förstå temperaturfördelning, viskoplastisk töjning och lödskiktens livslängd under olika effektcyklingsförhållanden. Resultaten belyser viktiga konstruktionsavvägningar och identifierar kapslingskonfigurationer och -material som förbättrar både termisk och mekanisk prestanda.

Den andra delen av avhandlingen utvecklar experimentella diagnostiska metoder baserade på degraderingsdata insamlade från en effektcyklingsrigg. Kommersiellt tillgängliga SiC-MOSFET-komponenter i TO-247-3-kapsling degraderades med ström i både fram- och backriktningen, vilket möjliggjorde en detaljerad undersökning av backdiodens framspänningsreduktion, kapslingsrelaterad degradering och drift i ledtillståndet (RdsON). En kompenserad diagnostisk metod, baserad på RdsON, introduceras och valideras experimentellt för tillförlitlig detektion av kapslingsrelaterad degradering. Dessutom presenteras och valideras experimentellt en diagnostikmetod för tidig detektion av fel relaterade till bond-trådar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. xviii, 75
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2026:10
Keywords
Bond wire, COMSOL Multiphysics, condition monitoring, double-sided cool, failure analysis, health diagnostic, lifetime estimation, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), ON-state resistance, packaging, package-related failures, power cycling, power module, reliability, semiconductor packaging, silicon carbide (SiC), single-sided cool, TO-247, Bond wire, COMSOL Multiphysics, tillståndsövervakning, dubbelsidig kylning, felanalys, hälsodiagnostik, livslängdsuppskattning, metalloxid-halvledarfälteffekttransistor (MOSFET), ON-tillståndsresistans, förpackning, kapslingsrelaterade fel, effektcykling, effektmodul, tillförlitlighet, halvledarkapsling, kiselkarbid (SiC), enkelsidig kylning, TO-247
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375853 (URN)978-91-8106-516-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-02-20, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63066113234, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Note

QC 20260123

Available from: 2026-01-23 Created: 2026-01-22 Last updated: 2026-02-09Bibliographically approved

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Singh, Bhanu PratapSarmast Ghahfarokhi, ShahriarNee, Hans-PeterNorrga, Staffan

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