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Failure Characterization of Discrete SiC MOSFETs under Forward Power Cycling Test
North China Elect Power Univ, Sch Renewable Energy, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China..
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3652-459X
North China Elect Power Univ, Sch Renewable Energy, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6874-4351
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8565-4753
2024 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 17, no 11, article id 2557Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Silicon carbide (SiC)-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) hold promising application prospects in future high-capacity high-power converters due to their excellent electrothermal characteristics. However, as nascent power electronic devices, their long-term operational reliability lacks sufficient field data. The power cycling test is an important experimental method to assess packaging-related reliability. In order to obtain data closest to actual working conditions, forward power cycling is utilized to carry out SiC MOSFET degradation experiments. Due to the wide bandgap characteristics of SiC MOSFETs, the short-term drift of the threshold voltage is much more serious than that of silicon (Si)-based devices. Therefore, an offline threshold voltage measurement circuit is implemented during power cycling tests to minimize errors arising from this short-term drift. Different characterizations are performed based on power cycling tests, focused on measuring the on-state resistance, thermal impedance, and threshold voltage of the devices. The findings reveal that the primary failure mode under forward power cycling tests, with a maximum junction temperature of 130 degrees C, is bond-wire degradation. Conversely, the solder layer and gate oxide exhibit minimal degradation tendencies under these conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG , 2024. Vol. 17, no 11, article id 2557
Keywords [en]
forward power cycling test, on-state resistance, discrete SiC MOSFET, threshold voltage, thermal impedance measurement
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-348603DOI: 10.3390/en17112557ISI: 001246747200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85195841400OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-348603DiVA, id: diva2:1877832
Note

QC 20240626

Available from: 2024-06-26 Created: 2024-06-26 Last updated: 2026-01-22Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Reliability Assessment and Health Diagnostic Methods for SiC MOSFET Devices
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reliability Assessment and Health Diagnostic Methods for SiC MOSFET Devices
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The transition toward high-efficiency electrified systems has accelerated the adoption of SiC MOSFET devices, whose performance benefits are often limited by package-related reliability challenges. This thesis investigates these challenges through two complementary research directions. The first focuses on the thermo-mechanical reliability of conventional, single-sided cooled (SSC), and double-sided cooled (DSC) SiC MOSFET packaging structures using finite-element modeling (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics. The impact of die placement, advanced interconnection technologies, solder and Ag-sinter materials, and Cu–Mo composite spacers is analyzed to understand temperature distribution, viscoplastic strain accumulation, and solder-layer lifetime under various power-cycling conditions. The results highlight important design trade-offs and identify advanced packaging configurations and materials that improve both thermal and mechanical performance.

The second part of this thesis develops experimental health-diagnostic methods using degradation data obtained from the power-cycling test (PCT) setup. Commercially available TO-247-3 packaged SiC MOSFET devices were degraded using inverse-mode and forward-mode PCTs, enabling a detailed investigation of body-diode forward-voltage reduction, package-related degradation, and ON-state resistance (RdsON) drift in SiC MOSFETs. A compensated RdsON-based diagnostic method is introduced and experimentally validated for the reliable detection of package-related degradation. Additionally, a diagnostic technique for early bond wire failure detection is proposed and experimentally validated.

Abstract [sv]

Behovet av energieffektiva elektrifierade drivsystem har accelererat användningen av SiC-MOSFET-komponenter, vars prestandafördelar ofta inte kommer till sin rätt p.g.a. osäkerhet kring tillförlitlighet. Denna avhandling undersöker dessa frågor genom två kompletterande forskningsinriktningar. Den första fokuserar på den termomekaniska tillförlitligheten hos enkelsidigt kylda och dubbelsidigt kylda SiC-MOSFET-kapslingar med hjälp av finit-element-modellering (FEM) i programvaran COMSOL Multiphysics. Effekten av chipplacering, avancerade sammanfogningstekniker, löd- och sintermaterial samt distanser i koppar och molybden analyseras för att förstå temperaturfördelning, viskoplastisk töjning och lödskiktens livslängd under olika effektcyklingsförhållanden. Resultaten belyser viktiga konstruktionsavvägningar och identifierar kapslingskonfigurationer och -material som förbättrar både termisk och mekanisk prestanda.

Den andra delen av avhandlingen utvecklar experimentella diagnostiska metoder baserade på degraderingsdata insamlade från en effektcyklingsrigg. Kommersiellt tillgängliga SiC-MOSFET-komponenter i TO-247-3-kapsling degraderades med ström i både fram- och backriktningen, vilket möjliggjorde en detaljerad undersökning av backdiodens framspänningsreduktion, kapslingsrelaterad degradering och drift i ledtillståndet (RdsON). En kompenserad diagnostisk metod, baserad på RdsON, introduceras och valideras experimentellt för tillförlitlig detektion av kapslingsrelaterad degradering. Dessutom presenteras och valideras experimentellt en diagnostikmetod för tidig detektion av fel relaterade till bond-trådar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. xviii, 75
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2026:10
Keywords
Bond wire, COMSOL Multiphysics, condition monitoring, double-sided cool, failure analysis, health diagnostic, lifetime estimation, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), ON-state resistance, packaging, package-related failures, power cycling, power module, reliability, semiconductor packaging, silicon carbide (SiC), single-sided cool, TO-247, Bond wire, COMSOL Multiphysics, tillståndsövervakning, dubbelsidig kylning, felanalys, hälsodiagnostik, livslängdsuppskattning, metalloxid-halvledarfälteffekttransistor (MOSFET), ON-tillståndsresistans, förpackning, kapslingsrelaterade fel, effektcykling, effektmodul, tillförlitlighet, halvledarkapsling, kiselkarbid (SiC), enkelsidig kylning, TO-247
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375853 (URN)978-91-8106-516-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-02-20, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63066113234, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20260123

Available from: 2026-01-23 Created: 2026-01-22 Last updated: 2026-02-09Bibliographically approved

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