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Multiphase distribution in partly saturated hierarchical nonwoven fibre networks under applied load using X-ray computed tomography
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology. J.M. Voith SE & Co. KG, St. Poeltener Strasse 43, 89522, Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1972-0100
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2346-7063
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3737-0091
2024 (English)In: Experiments in Fluids, ISSN 0723-4864, E-ISSN 1432-1114, Vol. 65, no 9, article id 140Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In many industrial applications, nonwoven fibre networks are facilitated to operate under partly saturated conditions, allowing for filtration, liquid absorption and liquid transport. Resolving the governing liquid distribution in loaded polyamide-6 (PA6) fibre networks using X-ray computed micro-tomography is a challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of water and PA6 and limitations in using background subtraction techniques if the network is deformed, which will be the case if subjected to compression. In this work, we developed a method using a potassium iodide solution in water to enhance the liquid’s attenuation coefficient without modifying the water’s rheological properties. Therefore, we studied the evolving liquid distribution in loaded and partly saturated PA6 fibre networks on the microscale. Increasing the external load applied to the network, we observed an exponential decrease in air content while the liquid content was constant, increasing the overall saturation with increasing network strain. Furthermore, the microstructural properties created by the punch-needle process in the manufacturing of the network significantly influenced the out-of-plane liquid distribution. The method has been proven helpful in understanding the results of adaptions in both the fibre network design and manufacturing process, allowing for investigating the resulting liquid distribution on a microscale.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2024. Vol. 65, no 9, article id 140
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-353437DOI: 10.1007/s00348-024-03869-yISI: 001308575800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85203308143OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-353437DiVA, id: diva2:1899110
Note

QC 20240925

Available from: 2024-09-19 Created: 2024-09-19 Last updated: 2025-10-30Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Dynamic compression and liquid transport in fibre systems under press nip conditions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamic compression and liquid transport in fibre systems under press nip conditions
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Paper, as a bio-based product, is a key material in advancing a sustainable circular economy. In papermaking, energy-intensive drying is required to remove residual water from the cellulose fibre network. Wet pressing is therefore a crucial step, reducing the water that must be evaporated in the dryer section and significantly lowering overall energy demand.

In wet pressing, the paper web enters a nip formed by two loaded rolls while supported by a press felt. The applied load drives water from the web through the felt into the voids of roll covers. Industrial observations suggest that the compression behaviour and saturation of both components strongly affect dewatering efficiency, yet their response under realistic press nip conditions remains insufficiently understood. This thesis aims to investigate the compressibility and liquid distribution of fibre systems under such conditions.

The work combines laboratory-scale experimental rigs, X-ray imaging techniques and calculation models derived from physical laws. This enables the quantification of dynamic compressibility and void volume loss in grooved polyurethane roll covers, a key factor in roll cover design. Studies of stress variations at the press felt–roll cover interface show that dewatering improves when high-permeability felt regions are created by the groove structure. The liquid distribution in press felts is characterised as a function of load and saturation, showing out-of-plane redistribution during compression due to the nonwoven morphology. Higher felt saturation enhances dynamic liquid transport, linking relative permeability to improved dewatering once nip saturation is reached. Finally, X-ray multi-projection imaging (XMPI) is shown to resolve pore-scale liquid transport mechanisms, enabling future studies of rewetting between the press felt and paper web.

Abstract [sv]

Papper, som en biobaserad produkt, är ett nyckelmaterial för en hållbar cirkulär ekonomi. Vid papperstillverkning krävs energikrävande torkning för att avlägsna kvarvarande vatten ur cellulosafibernätverket. Våtpressning är därför ett avgörande steg som minskar mängden vatten som måste avdunstas i torksektionen och därmed sänker energiförbrukningen.

I våtpressning passerar pappersbanan en presszon mellan två belastade valsar, stödd av en pressfilt. Belastningen driver vatten från banan genom filten och in i valsöverdragets hålrum. Observationer visar att kompressionsbeteende och mättnad i båda komponenterna starkt påverkar avvattningseffektiviteten, men deras respons under realistiska förhållanden är ännu inte fullt förstådd. Denna avhandling undersöker därför kompressibilitet och vätskefördelning i fibersystem under pressförhållanden.

Arbetet kombinerar laboratorieexperiment, röntgenavbildning och fysikbaserade modeller. Detta möjliggör kvantifiering av dynamisk kompressibilitet och hålvolymförlust i spårade polyuretanvalsöverdrag, en nyckelfaktor för valsdesign. Studier av belastningsvariationer i gränsskiktet filt–valsöverdrag visar att avvattningen förbättras när högpermeabla filteregioner skapas av spårstrukturen. Vätskefördelningen i pressfiltar karakteriseras som funktion av belastning och mättnad och visar omfördelning i z-led under kompression till följd av den icke-vävda morfologin. Högre filt­mättnad ökar den dynamiska vätsketransporten och kopplar relativ permeabilitet till observerade förbättringar i avvattning när nipmättnad uppnås. Slutligen visas att röntgenmultiprojektionsavbildning~(XMPI) kan upplösa vätsketransport på pornivå och möjliggör framtida studier av återvätning mellan pressfilt och pappersbana.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 59
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 31
Keywords
Wet pressing, Viscoelasticity, Dewatering, Stress Variations, Liquid Distribution, X-Ray, Synchrotron, Våtpressning, Viskoelasticitet, Avvattning, Spänningsvariationer, Vätskefördelning, Röntgenstrålning, Synkrotron
National Category
Applied Mechanics Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-372161 (URN)978-91-8106-462-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-12-11, D3 / 4333, via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66656634355, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20251118

Available from: 2025-11-18 Created: 2025-10-28 Last updated: 2025-11-27Bibliographically approved

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Wegele, PatrickRosén, TomasSöderberg, Daniel

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