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Adapting to Change: Planning Practices in a Shifting Societal Context
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5469-9492
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Sustainable development
SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities
Abstract [en]

Urban and regional planning evolves in response to societal changes andpolitical decisions, which redefine and adjust the scope of planning forexample through changes in the regulatory framework. Contemporaryplanning is shaped by the neoliberal shift at the end of the last century, whichbrought a wave of deregulations and privatizations that transformed therationale of and methods for planning practice. Moreover, the emerging globalagenda for sustainable development called for changes in practices and newways of organizing society. Planning practice has to respond to change andadapt to a shifting societal context, finding new ways to guide urban andregional development and address sustainability challenges through innovativepractices and interventions. A core challenge that has to be addressed is thefragmentation of responsibilities for planning and policymaking.This thesis examines planning practices to evaluate various approaches andtheir implications. The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how planningpractices have developed since the 1990s and adapted to changing societalcontext and needs. The thesis consists of a cover essay and six scientific papers,addressing empirical studies of transport infrastructure planning and urbanand regional planning in Sweden and other European contexts. The researchpresented in these papers spans ca 25 years, a period during which planningconditions for planning have changed, allowing for a discussion of planningpractices in relation to the evolving planning context. The papers employ aqualitative research approach, combining multiple methods for data collection.Based on literature review and thematic analysis of the findings in the papers,the following key issues have been identified for discussion. First, the use ofintegrative approaches in planning practice, which help bridging fragmentedresponsibilities among sectors and levels of governance. Second, the capacityof local planning practices to provide integrated responses to urgentsustainability challenges and societal needs, given the shifting conditions forplanning. Third, the impact of planning and learning practices on the longtermdevelopment of urban and regional planning.The evaluation of planning practices reveals two modes of integration: policyintegration and interactive approaches for project development. While policyintegration is often hindered by institutional logics and existing governancestructures, examples from regional land-use and transport agreements inNorway and Finland illustrate alternative approaches to enhance integration.Interactive approaches, involving collaboration between local authorities andprivate developers, have been effective in addressing sustainability challenges.However, the informal nature of these processes and the dual role ofmunicipalities as both landowners and planning authorities raise concernsabout the legitimacy of public planning. Additionally, many achievementsfocus on ecological modernization in urban areas, often overlooking the needfor affordable housing in other regions.Finally, studies of planning practices highlight the increased complexity ofplanning and the broader involvement of expertise across disciplines.Experiences from interactive approaches also suggest that planning practicesare increasingly functioning as spaces for reflexive social learning.

Abstract [sv]

Samhällsplaneringens utveckling påverkas av samhällsförändringar ochpolitiska beslut, som ändrar planeringens förutsättningar och fokus genomändrade förutsättningar och förändringar av regelverket. Dagens planering harformats av det nyliberala skiftet i slutet av förra seklet, som medförde en våg avavregleringar och privatiseringar vilket påverkar dagens planeringspraktik.Dessutom medförde debatten om hållbar utveckling ett bredare fokus isamhällsplanering och krav på nya normer för samhällsutveckling. Planeringmåste anpassa sig till de ändrade förutsättningarna, hitta nya sätt att styraurban och regional utveckling och ta sig an hållbarhetsutmaningar som krävernytänkande, nya metoder och innovativa åtgärder. En central utmaning ärfragmentering av planering och ansvarsområden som har ökat efter dennyliberala omställningen.Denna avhandling undersöker olika sätt att organisera planeringsprocesseroch de konsekvenser som dessa medför. Det övergripande syftet medavhandlingen är att undersöka hur den praktiska planeringen har utvecklatssedan 1990-talet och hur den har anpassats till ändrade förutsättningar ochbehov. Avhandlingen består av en kappa och sex vetenskapliga artiklar sombehandlar empiriska studier av stads- och transportplanering i Sverige ochnågra andra länder i Europa. Forskningen som presenteras i dessa artiklarsträcker sig över en period av 25 år under en tid då planeringen har genomgåttstora förändringar. Det gör det möjligt att diskutera planering utifrån deändrade planeringsförutsättningarna. Forskningen som presenteras iartiklarna utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsansats och kombinerar olikametoder för datainsamling.Med utgångspunkt i litteraturgenomgången och en tematisk analys avforskningsresultaten har följande teman för diskussion identifierats. Först,metoder som används i planering för att samordna ansvarsområden i olikasektorer och på olika myndighetsnivåer. För det andra, möjligheterna attfrämja integrerade tillvägagångssätt i kommunala planering för att mötaaktuella behov och olika hållbarhetsutmaningar i samhället, mot bakgrund avde ändrade förutsättningarna för planering. För det tredje, planeringens ochlärandets betydelse för den långsiktiga utvecklingen av samhällsplaneringsområdet.Forskningsresultaten lyfter fram två olika sätt för att främja integrering:policyintegrering och interaktiva processer för projektplanering. Ofta hindrasintegrering av olika samhällssektorer av skillnader i institutionell logik ochetablerade strukturer för styrning, men erfarenheter från Norge och Finlandmed avtal för integrerad markanvändnings- och transportplanering istorstadsregioner, visar på andra möjligheter av en integrerad planeringmellan olika samhällssektorer. Interaktiva metoder, som omfattar samarbetemellan lokala myndigheter och privata bostadsföretag, visar sig vara effektiva ihanteringen av hållbarhetsutmaningar. Processens informella karaktär ochkommunernas dubbla roll som både markägare och planeringsmyndighetväcker dock frågor kopplade till samhällsplaneringens legitimitet. Dessutomvisar erfarenheter att integrerad stadsplanering ofta utgår från ekologiskmodernisering, som bygger på antagandet att hållbarhet och ekonomiskutveckling kan förenas genom samverkan och samsyn men förbiser deutmaningarna som förslaget medför i andra delar av samhället eller världen.Slutligen visar studier av planeringsprocesser att planering har blivit alltmerkomplex och att experter från olika discipliner deltar i allt större utsträckning.Erfarenheter tyder också på att integrerade planeringsprocesser fungerar somarenan för reflexivt interaktivt lärande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. , p. 65
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2433
Keywords [en]
Urban and regional planning, sustainability, Actor collaboration, policy integration, actor collaboration
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Urban and Regional Planning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-356444ISBN: 978-91-8106-136-9 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-356444DiVA, id: diva2:1913556
Public defence
2024-12-06, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, public video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64006652338, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20241115

Available from: 2024-11-15 Created: 2024-11-15 Last updated: 2025-11-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Moving with the Times: An Examination of Ten Years of Dutch Transport Planning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Moving with the Times: An Examination of Ten Years of Dutch Transport Planning
2001 (English)In: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, ISSN 1523-908X, E-ISSN 1522-7200, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 31-42Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

When the Dutch government presented the Second Transport Structure Plan (SW-II) in 1988, it pronounced a new view on transport planning that would give equal weight to accessibility and liveability. Mobility control and selective accessibility were central themes, which would benefit both the environment and economy. A few years later, it became evident that most of the core objectives of the SW-II would not be reached. The professional debate on the implementation of Dutch transport planning indicated a number of explanations for the inadequacy of the national policies, mainly related to the institutional context of public planning, and the lack of coordination between the actors involved. In response to the experiences of the SW-II, the proposed new national transport policy announces better cooperation between the actors in the field of transport planning, and replaces sustainable development with sustainable economy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2001
Keywords
environment, megaprojects, mobility control, policy evaluation, the Netherlands, transport planning
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-80368 (URN)10.1080/15239080108559292 (DOI)2-s2.0-0141658082 (Scopus ID)
Projects
Studie av planeringsprocessen av stora infrastrukturprojekt (KFB 94 - 174 33)
Note
NR 20140805Available from: 2012-02-09 Created: 2012-02-09 Last updated: 2025-05-27Bibliographically approved
2. SEA in Swedish Transportation Policy-making and Planning: Political Ambitions and Practice
Open this publication in new window or tab >>SEA in Swedish Transportation Policy-making and Planning: Political Ambitions and Practice
2004 (English)In: European Environment, ISSN 0961-0405, E-ISSN 1099-0976, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 94-104Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Since the mid-1990s, the aim to incorporate SEA into Swedish strategic transportation planning has been repeatedly expressed in government documents and directives. To support a successful implementation, efforts have been made to develop tools and methods for the integration of SEA into strategic transportation planning. These efforts concern, for example, the application of SEA in corridor development and long-term transportation planning. The practical experiences of SEA in strategic transportation planning have been influenced by the ambiguity of the scope and structure of SEA. In this paper the process of implementing the SEA in Swedish transportation planning will be reviewed. The review relates to political ambitions and practice, and highlights the methodological development of SEA applications in the Swedish transport sector.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-Blackwell, 2004
Keywords
strategic environmental assessment, Sweden, transportation planning
National Category
Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-80770 (URN)10.1002/eet.345 (DOI)2-s2.0-2042455857 (Scopus ID)
Projects
Integrerad miljöhänsyn i strategisk planering av regionala transportsystem
Note
QC 20120307Available from: 2012-02-10 Created: 2012-02-10 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
3. Impacts of region-wide urban development on biodiversity in strategic environmental assessment
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impacts of region-wide urban development on biodiversity in strategic environmental assessment
2005 (English)In: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, ISSN 1464-3332, E-ISSN 1757-5605, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 229-246Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In urbanising regions, urban sprawl and infrastructure cause profound alterations of natural habitats. Initial decisions on urban expansion and major infrastructure investments are often made on a strategic level where the long-term development of a region is determined. For these types of decisions a strategic environmental assessment can be prepared. However, the lack of an adequate conceptual and methodological framework can pose a major problem for the prediction of impacts, not least concerning biodiversity. This paper will highlight the need for effective methods for biodiversity analysis at landscape and regional levels, with reference to the long-term urban development of the Stockholm and Mälaren regions. Problems of habitat loss, fragmentation and other impacts related to large-scale urbanisation and infrastructure developments will be addressed. GIS-based methods focusing on predictive ecological modelling will be discussed in a scenario context. The implementation of such methodologies in the strategic environmental assessment process would allow a better integration of biodiversity in planning and decision-making, further promoting a sustainable planning system.

Keywords
Strategic environmental assessment; biodiversity assessment; urbanisation; scenarios; polycentricity
National Category
Other Environmental Engineering Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-8532 (URN)10.1142/S1464333205002006 (DOI)2-s2.0-20444373368 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20150731

Available from: 2008-05-27 Created: 2008-05-27 Last updated: 2024-11-15Bibliographically approved
4. Housing and neighbourhood: basic needs, governance and social innovation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Housing and neighbourhood: basic needs, governance and social innovation
2017 (English)In: Social Service Disrupted: Changes, Challenges and Policy Implications for Europe in Times of Austerity / [ed] Flavia Martinelli, Anneli Anttonen and Margitta Mätzke, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017, p. 342-360Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017
Series
New Horizons of Social Policy
Keywords
housing, social innovation, neighbourhood, governance
National Category
Human Geography Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Planning and Decision Analysis, Urban and Regional Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260326 (URN)10.4337/9781786432117.00027 (DOI)2-s2.0-85075849806 (Scopus ID)
Projects
COST Action IS1102 SO.S Cohesion Social Services, Welfare and Places
Note

QC 20241120

Part of ISBN 9781786432100, 9781786432117

Available from: 2019-09-27 Created: 2019-09-27 Last updated: 2024-11-20Bibliographically approved
5. Implementation Strategies for Sustainable Urban Development: Examples from Swedish practice
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Implementation Strategies for Sustainable Urban Development: Examples from Swedish practice
2020 (English)In: Methods and Concepts of Land Management: Diversity, Changes and New Approaches / [ed] Erwin Hepperle, Jenny Paulsson, Vida Maliene, Reinfried Mansberger, Armands Auzins, Jolanta Valciukiene, Zurich: vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich, 2020, 1, p. 223-234Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Zurich: vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich, 2020 Edition: 1
Series
European Academy of Land Use and Development (EALD)
National Category
Other Legal Research Criminology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283966 (URN)
Note

DPO: 10.3218/4027-2, ISBN: 978-3-7281-4026-5; 978-3-7281-4027-2, QC 20201120

Available from: 2020-10-13 Created: 2020-10-13 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
6. Municipal Practices for Integrated Planning of Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Development in the Stockholm Region
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Municipal Practices for Integrated Planning of Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Development in the Stockholm Region
2021 (English)In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 13, no 18, article id 10389Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Urban planning is assumed to play an important role in developing nature-based solutions (NBS). To explore how NBS is addressed in urban development, municipal planning practices are analyzed based on three case studies in the Stockholm region of Sweden. Through focus group discussions, interviews and document studies, the planning and implementation of NBS and their intended contribution to regional green infrastructure (GI) and social and ecological qualities are investigated. The results show that the planning and design of urban green spaces engages the local community. Moreover, different conceptual frameworks are used to strengthen an ecological perspective and nurture expected outcomes, in particular ecosystem services and GI. Through competence development and collaborative approaches, the co-creation of innovative solutions for public and private green spaces is promoted. However, institutional conditions, e.g., legal frameworks and landownership shape the planning process and can challenge the ability to enhance social and ecological qualities. An assessment of the planning processes indicates a strong focus on ecosystem services and local GI, while the potential to contribute to regional GI differs widely between cases. The study concludes that a knowledge-driven and integrative planning process can foster the potential of NBS for green and sustainable cities.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2021
Keywords
green infrastructure, municipal planning, ecosystem services, shared governance, co-creation, public-private collaboration, competence development, land development
National Category
Environmental Sciences Landscape Architecture
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303178 (URN)10.3390/su131810389 (DOI)000699960200001 ()2-s2.0-85115662513 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20211011

Available from: 2021-10-11 Created: 2021-10-11 Last updated: 2025-02-21Bibliographically approved

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