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Direktavkastning på bostadsfastigheter i svenska storstadskommuner: En analys av Stockholm, Malmö och Göteborg
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Capitalization Rates on Multi-Family Housing in Sweden : An Analysis of Stockholm, Malmö and Gothenburg (Swedish)
Abstract [sv]

Direktavkastningen är ett centralt mått för investerare i svenska hyresbostäder. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilka drivkrafter som påverkar direktavkastningskravet över tid. Denna studie analyserar utvecklingen för flerbostadsfastigheter i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö under perioden 2007–2024 och belyser hur ränta, kredittillgång, lokal socioekonomi och forward funding-affärer samverkar. 

En kvantitativ del baserad på data från Newsec, Catella, MSCI Property Intel, Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB) och Riksbanken kombineras med fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Pearson-korrelationer används för att koppla direktavkastningen till makro- och mikrovariabler, medan intervjuerna ger kvalitativa insikter om hur branschaktörer hanterar dessa frågor. 

Resultaten visar att direktavkastningen varierar mellan storstadskommunerna inom både nyproduktion och prime-segmentet. Däremot är skillnaden mellan kommunerna mindre för nyproduktion. Stockholm har haft en lägre direktavkastning än Göteborg och Malmö under perioden. Studien indikerar även att förbättrad socioekonomisk situation hänger samman med lägre direktavkastning, vilket tyder på att investerare accepterar lägre avkastning i mer stabila områden. Intervjuerna bekräftar att forward funding framför allt används av institutionellt kapital och att förekomsten av dessa affärer till stor del beror på konjunkturläget. Resultatet visar även att investeraren i regel förväntar sig kompensation för den ökade risken, men att prisjusteringen är beroende av projektspecifika förutsättningar.  

Abstract [en]

Capitalization rates are a key metric for investors in Sweden’s multi-family housing. This study aims to identify the factors influencing cap rates over time. This thesis examines Sweden's three largest municipalities: Stockholm, Malmö and Gothenburg, and analyzes how interest rates, credit availability and local socio-economic fundamentals correlate with historical cap rates. In addition, it explores whether forward funding-transactions influence cap rates. 

A mixed-methods design is implemented. The quantitative analysis is based on data from Newsec, Catella, MSCI Property Intel, Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) and the Riksbank. The qualitative component consists of five semi-structured interviews with market professionals. Pearson correlation coefficients are used to assess the relationship between cap rates and macro- and microeconomic variables, while the interviews provide contextual insight into investor behavior. 

Results indicate that capitalization rates differ across municipalities for both new developments and the prime segment, although the yield spread narrows in the case of new developments. Stockholm consistently exhibits lower yields than Gothenburg and Malmö throughout the study period. Stronger socio-economic conditions, measured by higher median income and employment, are associated with lower cap rates, suggesting that investors accept reduced returns in exchange for perceived security. Interviews reveal that forward funding-transactions are mainly undertaken by institutional investors, and their frequency is largely cyclical. Investors expect compensation for the additional risk inherent in forward funding, but price adjustments vary because of project-specific factors. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 46
Series
TRITA-ABE-MBT ; 25231
Keywords [en]
Multi-family Housing, Capitalization Rate, Forward Funding
Keywords [sv]
Bostadsfastigheter, Direktavkastning, Forward funding
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-364464OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-364464DiVA, id: diva2:1968332
Subject / course
Real Estate Economics
Educational program
Bachelor of Science - Real Estate and Finance
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-12 Created: 2025-06-12 Last updated: 2025-06-12Bibliographically approved

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