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Leveraging the Shape Fidelity of 3D Printed Bone Scaffolds Through Architectural Tailoring of an Emulsion Ink: A Combined Experimental and Computational Analysis
Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India.
Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054 India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India.
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2025 (English)In: Advanced Healthcare Materials, ISSN 2192-2640, E-ISSN 2192-2659, Vol. 14, no 12, article id 2404866Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Hierarchical porous, bioactive, and biocompatible scaffolds with customizable multi-functionality are promising alternatives for autografts and allografts in bone tissue engineering. Combining high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating with additive manufacturing provides possibilities to produce such multiscale porous scaffolds. 3D printing of HIPE remains a challenging task due to the intense phase separation under high shear extrusion and reported printability (Pr) of either less than or greater than 1. Tuning viscoelastic properties of emulsion is therefore required to achieve a Pr approximate to 1. This study addresses these issues by preparing Pickering HIPEs using dual networks with synergistic viscous and elastic properties, stabilized by Cloisite 30B interphase. This configuration enhances viscoelasticity and achieves Pr values close to 1 (0.98-1.02). The printed scaffolds exhibit trabecular bone-like, hierarchical interconnected porosity (77%-86%). Computational simulations accurately predict the mechanical, biological, and degradation behavior. Functionalization with Cissus quadrangularis bioactivates the scaffolds, demonstrates in vivo biocompatibility, promotes MC3T3-E1 adhesion, and proliferation, accelerates osteogenesis, and reduces oxidative stress compared to neat PCL scaffolds. This work introduces a facile strategy for "engineering printability" to produce regenerative materials with hierarchical design and holds the potential for developing optimized bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2025. Vol. 14, no 12, article id 2404866
Keywords [en]
3D printing, bone tissue engineering, hierarchical porous scaffold, high internal phase emulsion, rheology
National Category
Biomaterials Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-365270DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202404866ISI: 001483043600030PubMedID: 40159818Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105001829058OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-365270DiVA, id: diva2:1974514
Note

QC 20250623

Available from: 2025-06-23 Created: 2025-06-23 Last updated: 2025-06-23Bibliographically approved

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