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Thermal performance and dynamic response assessment of an industrial molten salts based power-to-heat system
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4932-7103
KYOTO Group AS, 1366 Lysaker, Norway.
KYOTO Group AS, 1366 Lysaker, Norway.
KYOTO Group AS, 1366 Lysaker, Norway.
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2025 (English)In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 342, article id 120131Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Flexible power-to-heat systems that incorporate thermal energy storage are key technologies to decarbonize industry. This study examines the thermal and dynamic performance of a power-to-heat MW-scale pilot plant that integrates molten salt electric heating and thermal energy storage to generate steam on demand. Operational data collected under nearly design and off-design conditions are discussed. The dynamic performance of the electric heater unit is also assessed and presented in detail, including time constants and ramping up efficiencies. The results confirm the ability of the system to deliver reliable heat on demand whilst simultaneously being able to provide grid-flexibility. Round-trip thermal efficiencies above 94 % were obtained when operating near design conditions. Thermal losses of approximately 0.5 and 2.3 °C/h were recorded for the cold and hot tanks respectively during standstill periods. Thermal losses are negatively affected by the small scale of the investigated facility and should be expected to decrease inversely proportional to the anticipated increase in size of tanks in full scale commercial installations. The ability of the electric heater to ramp up its electric power consumption from 0 to 5 MWe in 5 s is demonstrated, showing the capacity of the system of participating in frequency regulation markets. The electric heater is characterized by thermal time constants below 500 s and ramping up thermal efficiency of 80 %. This work provides the ground for performance validation of molten salt based flexible power-to-heat systems, reaffirming their potential as industry heat decarbonization assets, and highlighting opportunities for improvement.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2025. Vol. 342, article id 120131
Keywords [en]
Thermal Enenrgy Storage, Power to Heat, Molten salts, Electric Heater, Dynamic performance
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-367127DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120131ISI: 001527977200004Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105009621006OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-367127DiVA, id: diva2:1984132
Funder
EU, Horizon Europe, 101136000EU, Horizon Europe, 101147078
Note

QC 20250718

Available from: 2025-07-15 Created: 2025-07-15 Last updated: 2025-10-24Bibliographically approved

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Trevisan, SilviaGuédez, Rafael

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