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How teacher students relate their experiences of AI-generated feedback to future teaching practice
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Digital Learning.ORCID iD: 0009-0002-6278-1650
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study explores how teacher students (TSs) experience AI-generated feedback provided by a response system during campus-based seminars, and how they relate these experiences to their future teaching. Unlike most prior research on individual genAI use, this study examines feedback in a collaborative classroom activity, with TSs’ dual role as learners and future teachers offering a unique perspective on AI in formative assessment. Data were collected through observations, reflections, and interviews, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. TSs appreciated the AI feedback’s structure and immediacy but questioned its contextual depth and pedagogical relevance. A trust hierarchy was evident: teacher feedback was most trusted, followed by AI, then peers. Rather than saving time, the AI-supported activity deepened participation and reflection, especially when feedback was shared and discussed. In this setting, the AI was not perceived as a neutral feedback tool but as an active participant, prompting further reflection and discussion among peers. The study shows how AI-generated feedback can support student participation and reflection and highlights the need to build AI literacy in teacher education through activities that combine human and AI-generated feedback.

Keywords [en]
Teacher education, generative AI, AI-generated feedback, peer feedback, response systems
National Category
Pedagogy
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369207OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-369207DiVA, id: diva2:1993354
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-03607
Note

QC 20250918

Available from: 2025-08-29 Created: 2025-08-29 Last updated: 2025-09-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. From Purpose to Practice: Digital Response Systems in Teacher Education: Experiences of teacher educators and teacher students
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From Purpose to Practice: Digital Response Systems in Teacher Education: Experiences of teacher educators and teacher students
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The ability to purposefully integrate digital tools into teaching and learning is a key aspect of teachers’ professional digital competence, emphasized in international frameworks and national policy. Yet, integrating these tools into practice remains challenging in teacher education. One category of digital tools are response systems (RSs), widely used to facilitate participation and feedback, but seldom studied in teacher education. 

This thesis explores, through cases of RS use with and without AI-generated feedback, how digital tools mediate pedagogical practice and support teacher students’ digital competence in relation to teaching and learning. It addresses the tensions that arise when national policy ambitions, local pedagogical intentions, and institutional conditions are misaligned. Grounded in a qualitative, interpretive design, the thesis draws on interviews, observations, and reflections from four research articles, analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) was adopted to conceptualize RSs as mediating artifacts shaped by tools, rules, roles, and institutional conditions. 

The thesis makes three contributions. First, it shows how RSs can function as catalysts for developing digital competence related to teaching and learning, by encouraging participation, supporting formative assessment, and promoting reflection. Second, it highlights how contextual factors influence whether and how such tools are used. Third, it provides practical implications for teacher educators aiming to support teacher students in developing purposeful and theoretically grounded uses of digital tools in their future profession. In doing so, the thesis also highlights tensions emerging when teacher students attempt to use RSs during student teaching. These tensions illustrate how digital competence is shaped by systemic contradictions. 

The thesis highlights that expanding teacher students’ professional digital competence in relation to teaching and learning requires aligning pedagogical purpose with teaching practice, institutional support, and critical reflective engagement. 

Abstract [sv]

Förmågan att medvetet och ändamålsenligt integrera digitala verktyg i undervisning och lärande är en central del av lärares professionella digitala kompetens, betonad i internationella ramverk och nationella styrdokument. Ändå är det en utmaning att omsätta dessa verktyg i praktiken inom lärarutbildningen. En kategori av digitala verktyg är digitala responssystem (RS), som ofta används för att uppmuntra deltagande och återkoppling, men som sällan studerats i lärarutbildning. 

Denna avhandling utforskar, genom RS-användning med och utan AI- genererad återkoppling, hur dessa verktyg kan mediera pedagogisk praktik och stödja hur lärarstudenter utvecklar digital kompetens i relation till undervisning och lärande. Avhandlingen belyser spänningar som uppstår när policyambitioner, pedagogiska intentioner och institutionella villkor inte är i samklang. Med en kvalitativ, tolkande ansats bygger avhandlingen på intervjuer, observationer och reflektioner från fyra forskningsartiklar, analyserade med reflexiv tematisk analys, belysta med Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). 

Avhandlingen gör tre huvudsakliga bidrag. För det första visar den hur RS kan fungera som katalysatorer för att utveckla digital kompetens kopplad till undervisning och lärande, genom att uppmuntra deltagande, stödja formativ bedömning och främja reflektion. För det andra lyfter den fram hur kontextuella faktorer påverkar om och hur sådana verktyg används. För det tredje bidrar den med praktiska implikationer för lärarutbildare som vill stödja lärarstudenter i att utveckla medvetna och teoretiskt förankrade sätt att använda digitala verktyg i sitt framtida yrke. Därigenom synliggörs också spänningar som uppstår när lärarstudenter försöker använda RS under verksamhetsförlagd utbildning. Dessa spänningar illustrerar hur digital kompetens formas av systemiska motsättningar. 

Avhandlingen belyser att utvecklingen av lärarstudenters professionella digitala kompetens i relation till undervisning och lärande kräver att pedagogiska syften harmoniseras med undervisningspraktik, institutionellt stöd och kritisk reflektion. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 144
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2025:35
Keywords
response systems, student participation, teacher education, digital competence, AI-generated feedback, digitala responssystem, studentdeltagande, lärarutbildning, digital kompetens, AI-genererad återkoppling
National Category
Pedagogy
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369211 (URN)978-91-8106-367-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-09-26, Sal F3 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66244539819, Lindstedtsvägen 26-28, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-09-04 Created: 2025-08-29 Last updated: 2025-09-18Bibliographically approved

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