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Analysing Student Motivation in Challenge-Based Learning in Higher Engineering Education Using the Self-Determination Theory
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4954-6747
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5184-4743
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8292-5642
2025 (English)In: Innovations in Pedagogy and Technology, ISSN 3093-7175, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 27-46, article id 45Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Challenge-based learning (CBL) engages students in complex, real-life challenges, promoting responsibility for their learning. Existing research has identified several factors that contribute to students’ motivation in CBL environments. However, prior studies have focused primarily on cognitive and metacognitive learning functions in active learning environments in higher engineering education. Further, affective/motivational functions regulate behaviors and emotions that arise during learning and stimulate affective responses that may positively, negatively or neutrally influence students’ learning process, performance, and well-being. Thus, using Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this qualitative study examines engineering students’ motivation in CBL environments. Twelve Master’s level students from a research-intensive university in Sweden took part in semi-structured interviews discussing their experiences during different CBL courses studies. Analysis combined inductive and deductive approaches, identifying affective/motivational functions emerging from the interviews and analysing them based on SDT concepts. The qualitative thematic analysis identified motivations that emerged such as innovation, entrepreneurship, designing learning, practical experience, real-world problem-solving, and societal contribution through sustainability, grounded by the Self-determination continuum. SDT’s nutritient concepts of autonomy, competence, and relatedness were satisfied through structured tasks, mastery, learning, feedback, and positive social relationships. However, problematic areas such as a lack of rationale in tasks, absence of project choice, insecurity about professional rights, lack of feedback, limited growth opportunities, and negative social relationships frustrated students’ psychological needs. The study suggests practical applications to support motivational needs in higher engineering education, including regulating emotions during learning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Zhongyu International Education Centre , 2025. Vol. 1, no 1, p. 27-46, article id 45
Keywords [en]
Challenge-based Learning, Motivation, Self-deteermination Theory, Engineering Education, Qualitative study
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies Science and Technology Studies Pedagogy
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369238DOI: 10.63385/ipt.v1i1.45OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-369238DiVA, id: diva2:1993755
Note

QC 20250901

Available from: 2025-09-01 Created: 2025-09-01 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Transforming Engineering Education: Motivational dynamics and societal relevance through Challenge-based Learning and authentic, real-world educational experiences.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transforming Engineering Education: Motivational dynamics and societal relevance through Challenge-based Learning and authentic, real-world educational experiences.
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This doctoral thesis explores motivation in engineering education through authentic, real-world orientated learning experiences, focusing on Challenge-Based Learning (CBL), Work Industry-related Activities (WIAs), and STEM outreach. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), it examines how these practices can support or hinder students’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness across educational stages from pre-university to postgraduate levels.

Study I reveals that meaningful WIAs that are aligned with student goals enhance motivation and professional identity, while employer-driven tasks may undermine it. Study II’s scoping review identifies a predominance of quantitative research on CBL and student motivation, with limited theory-informed qualitative analysis. Study III analyses student experience data using SDT to show that CBL fosters motivation through autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The same data show that frustration of these psychological needs leads to disengagement. Study IV analyzes Nordic STEM outreach, finding strong support for relatedness and competence but highlighting gaps in fostering autonomy and sustaining long-term interest.

The findings emphasize that motivation is enhanced when educational experiences are authentic, relevant, and connected to career aspirations. Motivation, however, is fragile and can be undermined by externally imposed or poorly aligned tasks. Structural tensions arise when pedagogies prioritize market or institutional agendas over student agency, limiting meaningful engagement.

This research extends SDT’s application in engineering education beyond classrooms to complex, interdisciplinary contexts. It advocates for “need-liberatory pedagogy” that empowers students as active knowledge co-creators, fostering curiosity, sustainability, and ethical responsibility. Practical implications include designing pedagogies aligned with SDT, promoting inclusive outreach, and embedding psychological metrics in policy and evaluation.

The thesis calls for sustained, participatory educational frameworks and outlines future research on autonomy-supportive teaching in CBL settings to deepen understanding of motivational support.

Abstract [sv]

Doktorsavhandlingen undersöker motivation inom ingenjörsutbildning genom autentiska, verklighetsnära lärandeupplevelser med fokus på Challenge-Based Learning (CBL), arbetslivsrelaterade aktiviteter (WIAs) och STEM-outreach. Med utgångspunkt i Self-Determination Theory (SDT) analyseras hur dessa metoder stödjer eller hindrar studenters grundläggande psykologiska behov av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet över utbildningsnivåer från föruniversitär till forskarutbildning.

Fyra sammanlänkade studier använder kvalitativa metoder och litteratursyntes. Studie I visar att meningsfulla WIAs som är i linje med studenternas mål ökar motivation och professionell identitet, medan uppgifter styrda av arbetsgivare kan underminera motivationen. Studie II:s översikt identifierar en övervikt av kvantitativ forskning om CBL och studentmotivation, med begränsad teoriinformerad kvalitativ analys. Studie III tillämpar SDT och visar att CBL främjar motivation genom att tillgodose behov av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet, men att frustration av dessa behov leder till minskat engagemang. Studie IV analyserar nordiska STEM-outreach-aktiviteter och finner starkt stöd för samhörighet och kompetens, men framhäver brister i att främja autonomi och att upprätthålla långsiktigt intresse.

Resultaten betonar att motivation stärks när utbildningsupplevelser är autentiska, relevanta och kopplade till karriärambitioner. Samtidigt är motivationen skör och kan försvagas av påtvingade eller dåligt anpassade uppgifter. Strukturella spänningar uppstår när pedagogik prioriterar marknads- eller institutionsagendor framför studenters handlingsutrymme, vilket begränsar kritiskt engagemang.

Forskningen utvidgar SDT:s tillämpning inom ingenjörsutbildning bortom klassrum till komplexa, tvärvetenskapliga sammanhang. Den förespråkar en “need-liberatory pedagogy” som ger studenter möjlighet att vara aktiva medskapare av kunskap, och som främjar nyfikenhet, hållbarhet och etiskt ansvarstagande. Praktiska implikationer inkluderar att utforma pedagogik i linje med SDT, främja inkluderande outreach och integrera psykologiska mått i policy och utvärdering.

Avhandlingen efterlyser långsiktiga, deltagande utbildningsramar och presenterar framtida forskning om autonomistödjande undervisning i CBL-miljöer för att fördjupa förståelsen av motivationsstöd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 239
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2025:40
Keywords
Engineering education, motivation, self-determination theory, challenge-based learning, work industry-related activities, STEM outreach, student engagement, authentic learning and higher education, Ingenjörsutbildning, motivation, self-determination theory, challenge-based learning, arbetslivsrelaterade aktiviteter, STEM-outreach, studentengagemang, autentiskt lärande och högre utbildning
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies Science and Technology Studies Social Sciences Pedagogy Educational Sciences Didactics
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369641 (URN)978-91-8106-390-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-03, Kollegiesalen / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69620940915, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-09-12 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved

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Pantzos, PanagiotisPears, ArnoldBuckley, Jeffrey

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