Radio emission produced in Earth's foreshock is due to the bow shock reflecting some electrons back upstream into the foreshock, where they produce Langmuir waves and radio emissions near the electron plasma frequency (Formula presented.) and near (Formula presented.). Here we predict the source shapes and fluxes of Earth's foreshock radio emissions, with associated implications for other radio sources at multiples of (Formula presented.). We use an extended model for Earth's foreshock radiation to calculate the electron distributions and the energy flows into Langmuir waves and radiation for specific emission processes. One extension is the addition of linear mode conversion of Langmuir waves into (Formula presented.) radiation at density gradients, found to produce (Formula presented.) of the total radio flux near (Formula presented.). We produce the first 2D images of Earth's foreshock radio sources for (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) radiation observed remotely from the L1 point and other locations. These images confirm a prediction for the 2–3 kHz outer heliospheric radiation that the radio source should be strongly elongated along the shock perpendicular to the upstream magnetic field and plasma flow velocity.
QC 20250902