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Students’ motivation in Challenge-Based Learning in Higher Engineering Education: A scoping review
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Learning in Stem.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4954-6747
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5184-4743
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Learning in Stem.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8165-4126
2025 (English)In: International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, ISSN 2192-4880, no 6Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

 Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) emphasizes student-centered approaches that foster critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, and engagement through real-world challenges, preparing students for professional engineering careers. However, the motivational processes underpinning these outcomes have not been systematically explored. This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize the effects of CBL on student motivation in higher engineering education, guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s protocol. The protocol involved defining the research questions, selecting relevant studies, extracting and analyzing data, and collating and reporting findings. This scoping review examined literature from seven scientific engineering education databases published between 2015 and 2024, resulting in a final selection of 18 articles. The review identified several thematic areas—CBL’s effects on students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the enjoyment and engagement of real-world challenges application, the role of interdisciplinary collaboration and teamworking, the implications of real-world problem-solving for professional identity formation, and the teachers’ role. The review also revealed the predominance of quantitative methodologies, including instruments such as the SRQ-A and MUSIC® model, in evaluating CBL’s impact on motivation, while qualitative approaches, particularly those grounded in Self-Determination Theory, are notably underrepresented. This methodological disparity constrains a comprehensive understanding of students’ learning experiences and the contextual dynamics shaping motivation within CBL frameworks. These findings highlight the critical elements influencing student motivation in CBL contexts and provide insights into effective strategies for its implementation in higher engineering education.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. no 6
Keywords [en]
Scoping review, motivation, challenge-based learning, engineering education, learning
National Category
Pedagogy Educational Sciences Engineering and Technology Social Sciences Pedagogy
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369638OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-369638DiVA, id: diva2:1997287
Available from: 2025-09-11 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-10-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Transforming Engineering Education: Motivational dynamics and societal relevance through Challenge-based Learning and authentic, real-world educational experiences.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transforming Engineering Education: Motivational dynamics and societal relevance through Challenge-based Learning and authentic, real-world educational experiences.
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This doctoral thesis explores motivation in engineering education through authentic, real-world orientated learning experiences, focusing on Challenge-Based Learning (CBL), Work Industry-related Activities (WIAs), and STEM outreach. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), it examines how these practices can support or hinder students’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness across educational stages from pre-university to postgraduate levels.

Study I reveals that meaningful WIAs that are aligned with student goals enhance motivation and professional identity, while employer-driven tasks may undermine it. Study II’s scoping review identifies a predominance of quantitative research on CBL and student motivation, with limited theory-informed qualitative analysis. Study III analyses student experience data using SDT to show that CBL fosters motivation through autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The same data show that frustration of these psychological needs leads to disengagement. Study IV analyzes Nordic STEM outreach, finding strong support for relatedness and competence but highlighting gaps in fostering autonomy and sustaining long-term interest.

The findings emphasize that motivation is enhanced when educational experiences are authentic, relevant, and connected to career aspirations. Motivation, however, is fragile and can be undermined by externally imposed or poorly aligned tasks. Structural tensions arise when pedagogies prioritize market or institutional agendas over student agency, limiting meaningful engagement.

This research extends SDT’s application in engineering education beyond classrooms to complex, interdisciplinary contexts. It advocates for “need-liberatory pedagogy” that empowers students as active knowledge co-creators, fostering curiosity, sustainability, and ethical responsibility. Practical implications include designing pedagogies aligned with SDT, promoting inclusive outreach, and embedding psychological metrics in policy and evaluation.

The thesis calls for sustained, participatory educational frameworks and outlines future research on autonomy-supportive teaching in CBL settings to deepen understanding of motivational support.

Abstract [sv]

Doktorsavhandlingen undersöker motivation inom ingenjörsutbildning genom autentiska, verklighetsnära lärandeupplevelser med fokus på Challenge-Based Learning (CBL), arbetslivsrelaterade aktiviteter (WIAs) och STEM-outreach. Med utgångspunkt i Self-Determination Theory (SDT) analyseras hur dessa metoder stödjer eller hindrar studenters grundläggande psykologiska behov av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet över utbildningsnivåer från föruniversitär till forskarutbildning.

Fyra sammanlänkade studier använder kvalitativa metoder och litteratursyntes. Studie I visar att meningsfulla WIAs som är i linje med studenternas mål ökar motivation och professionell identitet, medan uppgifter styrda av arbetsgivare kan underminera motivationen. Studie II:s översikt identifierar en övervikt av kvantitativ forskning om CBL och studentmotivation, med begränsad teoriinformerad kvalitativ analys. Studie III tillämpar SDT och visar att CBL främjar motivation genom att tillgodose behov av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet, men att frustration av dessa behov leder till minskat engagemang. Studie IV analyserar nordiska STEM-outreach-aktiviteter och finner starkt stöd för samhörighet och kompetens, men framhäver brister i att främja autonomi och att upprätthålla långsiktigt intresse.

Resultaten betonar att motivation stärks när utbildningsupplevelser är autentiska, relevanta och kopplade till karriärambitioner. Samtidigt är motivationen skör och kan försvagas av påtvingade eller dåligt anpassade uppgifter. Strukturella spänningar uppstår när pedagogik prioriterar marknads- eller institutionsagendor framför studenters handlingsutrymme, vilket begränsar kritiskt engagemang.

Forskningen utvidgar SDT:s tillämpning inom ingenjörsutbildning bortom klassrum till komplexa, tvärvetenskapliga sammanhang. Den förespråkar en “need-liberatory pedagogy” som ger studenter möjlighet att vara aktiva medskapare av kunskap, och som främjar nyfikenhet, hållbarhet och etiskt ansvarstagande. Praktiska implikationer inkluderar att utforma pedagogik i linje med SDT, främja inkluderande outreach och integrera psykologiska mått i policy och utvärdering.

Avhandlingen efterlyser långsiktiga, deltagande utbildningsramar och presenterar framtida forskning om autonomistödjande undervisning i CBL-miljöer för att fördjupa förståelsen av motivationsstöd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 239
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2025:40
Keywords
Engineering education, motivation, self-determination theory, challenge-based learning, work industry-related activities, STEM outreach, student engagement, authentic learning and higher education, Ingenjörsutbildning, motivation, self-determination theory, challenge-based learning, arbetslivsrelaterade aktiviteter, STEM-outreach, studentengagemang, autentiskt lärande och högre utbildning
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies Science and Technology Studies Social Sciences Pedagogy Educational Sciences Didactics
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369641 (URN)978-91-8106-390-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-03, Kollegiesalen / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69620940915, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-09-12 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved

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Pantzos, PanagiotisPears, ArnoldAmpadu, Ernest

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