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The effect of freestream turbulence on wing-tip vortex meandering and deformation
DAAA, ONERA, Institut Polytechnique, Meudon, 92190, France.ORCID iD: 0009-0000-7946-2555
Department of Energy & Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway.
Department of Energy & Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics. Department of Energy & Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3787-3118
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2026 (English)In: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, ISSN 0142-727X, E-ISSN 1879-2278, Vol. 117, article id 110013Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The effect of freestream turbulence (FST) on a wing-tip vortex was investigated at a chord-based Reynolds number of 105. Experiments were conducted at four FST intensities, generated by an active grid, 0.30%, 1.84%,7.70%, and 13.25%, with integral scales ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 times the wing chord length. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements document the effects of FST on the meandering motion of the wingtip vortex in the near field and middle field of a NACA0012 wing, i.e., planes 𝑥∕𝑐 = [2, 5, 12] downstream from the trailing edge of the wing. Conditional averaging based on recentring the coordinate system on the vortex center has been used to eliminate the influence of vortex motion. When the analysis was conditionally averaged on the vortex’s core position, a reduction in vortex strength with increasing FST was observed, along with a slight increase in diffusion for the highest FST cases (FST levels > 6%). Snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis on the coherent component of the streamwise vorticity field revealed two dominant modes associated with meandering displacement for all FST cases. POD analysis further reveals turbulence accelerates the onset of spatial modes associated with vortex deformation, which typically emerge in the far wake (𝑥∕𝑐 ≥ 36) under non-turbulent conditions but appear in the near wake (𝑥∕𝑐 = 5) when FST is present. The vortex deformation modes contribute more significantly to the total enstrophy in turbulent cases in the near wake than in the far wake under non-turbulent conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2026. Vol. 117, article id 110013
Keywords [en]
Freestream turbulence, Active grid, Wing-tip vortex, Vortex meandering, Vortex deformation
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370143DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110013ISI: 001569953600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105015142491OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-370143DiVA, id: diva2:1999693
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QC 20250923

Available from: 2025-09-22 Created: 2025-09-22 Last updated: 2025-09-24Bibliographically approved

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Neunaber, Ingrid

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