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Optimal three-dimensional perturbations in fluttering and non-fluttering bioprosthetic aortic valves
ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9792-1505
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7864-3071
ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6062-9076
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study examines the transition to turbulence downstream of fluttering and nonfluttering bioprosthetic aortic valves using global linear stability theory. During systole, increasing inflow velocities result in temporally evolving flow profiles downstream of the valve which are highly influenced by the leaflet kinematics. These profiles are time-averaged at the sinotubular junction over successive windows and used as boundary conditions to obtain base flows for stability analysis. Three-dimensional global modes are computed for one design of each valve type across multiple time windows, revealing several unstable modes whose frequencies and growth rates increase over time. Notably, the non-fluttering valve exhibits higher growth rates than the fluttering valve. The resulting eigenspectra show that, for each case, the most unstable eigenvalues align along two distinct parabolic branches in the complex plane. For each valve case, the modes within each branch are found to have similar group velocities, suggesting that the unstable modes along a branch constitute a coherent structure. Motivated by this, a transient growth analysis is conducted to identify the optimal initial perturbations that maximize energy gain for a given time horizon. When superimposed onto the base flow, these perturbations generate vortical structures that closely resemble thoseo bserved in fully coupled nonlinear fluid–structure interaction simulations for a similar time-scale as the one used to obtain the optimal perturbations. These results suggest that the optimal perturbations may initiate the shear-layer instabilities responsible for transition to turbulence, providing valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms in the flow fields downstream of bioprosthetic valve designs.

National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370351OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-370351DiVA, id: diva2:2000666
Note

QC 20250925

Available from: 2025-09-24 Created: 2025-09-24 Last updated: 2025-10-03Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Stability and Transition Analysis of Shear Flows
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stability and Transition Analysis of Shear Flows
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The transition from laminar to turbulent flow is a fundamental phenomenon that significantly affects aerodynamic performance and energy efficiency across a wide range of engineering systems. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving instability growth and transition is therefore essential for improving flow control strategies and optimising system design. In this thesis, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and linear stability analysis are employed to investigate flow instabilities and transition mechanisms in several shear flows.  

First, adjoint methods are used to analyse the sensitivity of instability growth to smooth surface waviness in a two-dimensional subsonic compressible boundary layer. An optimisation framework is then developed to identify worst--case waviness profiles and quantify the permissible surface deformations before instabilities reach critical amplification levels.  

Next, self-excited instability mechanisms in laminar separation bubbles induced by wall waviness are investigated using global stability analysis in combination with DNS. These studies examine how variations in waviness geometry influence the formation, growth, and nonlinear evolution of instabilities within waviness-induced separation bubbles, providing a deeper understanding of self-sustained transition mechanisms in such flow configurations.  

The influence of smooth surface humps on laminar--turbulent transition in three-dimensional, crossflow-dominated swept-wing boundary layers is then explored. First, DNS is used to gain a deep understanding of the hump--driven mechanisms responsible for delaying or promoting transition. Then, the applicability of linear stability theory for predicting the growth of secondary instabilities in these configurations is evaluated through quantitative comparisons with DNS results. Finally, the effects of hump geometry as well as the simultaneous presence of two humps on instability growth is analysed. To this end, DNS is employed to analyse the evolution of primary crossflow instabilities, while linear theory is used to characterise the growth of secondary instabilities, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding hump--induced effects on crossflow-dominated transition to turbulence.  

Finally, the onset of transition downstream of fluttering and non-fluttering bioprosthetic aortic valves is investigated using transient growth analysis and optimal perturbation theory, providing new insights into the complex vortex system shed from the bioprosthetic valves. 

Abstract [sv]

Övergången från laminärt till turbulent flöde är ett grundläggande fenomen som har en betydande inverkan på aerodynamisk prestanda och energieffektivitet i ett brett spektrum av tekniska system. En djupare förståelse avmekanismer som driver instabiliteter hos flöde och omslag från laminärt till turbulent tillstånd är därför avgörande för att förbättra strategier för flödeskontroll och optimera systemdesign. I denna avhandling använder vi Direkt Numeriska Simuleringar (DNS) och linjär stabilitetsanalys för att undersöka instabiliteter och omslagssmekanismer i olika skjuvströmningar.

Först analysera vi känsligheten hos instabilitetsvågor med avseende på släta ytvågor i ett tvådimensionellt subsoniskt kompressibelt gränsskikt med hjälp av adjointmetoder. Därefter utvecklar vi ett optimerings ramverk för att identifiera den mest kritiska formen av ytvågighet och kvantifiera de tillåtna ytförändringarna innan instabiliteter når kritiska värden.

Därefter undersöker vi självexciterade instabilitetsmekanismer i laminära separationsbubblor orsakade av ytvågigheter genom global stabilitetsanalys i kombination med DNS. Dessa studier belyser hur variationer i geometrin av ytvågigheten påverkar formationen, tillväxten och den icke-linjära utvecklingen av instabiliteter i sådana strömningsfall och ger en djupare förståelse för självförstärkande omslagsmekanismer i sådana flödeskonfigurationer.

Vidare undersöker vi påverkan av släta ytdeformationer (förhöjningar, engelska 'humps') på laminärt-turbulent omslag i tredimensionella gränsskikt över svepta vingar. Först använder vi DNS för att få en djupare förståelse av de bakomliggande mekanismer som orsakar fördröjning eller påskyndande av omslaget i närvaro av ytförhöjningar. Därefter utvärderar vi giltigheten av den linjära stabilitetsteorin för prediktering av sekundärinstabiliteter i dessa konfigurationer genom kvantitativa jämförelser med DNS. Slutligen analyserar vi effekterna av geometrin hos ytdeformationer samt kombinationer av två sådana på tillväxten av störningar i gränsskiktet. För detta ändamål använder vi DNS för att analysera utvecklingen av primära ‘crossflow'-instabiliteter, medan den linjära teorin används för att karakterisera tillväxten av sekundära instabiliteter, vilket erbjuder en heltäckande ram för förståelsen av laminär-turbulent omslag i sådana flödesfall.

Slutligen undersöker vi laminär-turbulent omslag nedströms av fladdrande och icke-fladdrande bioprostetiska aortaklaffar med hjälp av transienttillväxtanalys och optimalstörningsteori, vilket ger nya insikter i det komplexa virvelsystem som avges från bioprostetiska aortaklaffar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 53
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:35
Keywords
Direct numerical simulation, flow instabilities, laminar-turbulent transition, transient growth, laminar separation bubbles, surface hump, transition control, Direkt numerisk simulering, flödesinstabiliteter, laminär-turbulent omslag, transient tillväxt, laminära separationsbubblor, ytdeformationer, omslagskontroll
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370638 (URN)978-91-8106-365-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-24, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61597830603, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 955923Vinnova, 2024-03156
Note

QC 250929

Available from: 2025-09-29 Created: 2025-09-29 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved

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Moniripiri, MohammadHenningson, Dan S.Hanifi, Ardeshir

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