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Lignin Reattachment to Pulp Fibers during Brownstock Washing: The Role of Sodium Sulfate
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4851-572X
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials. Cellfion AB, Junohällsvägen 1E 112 64, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6586-952x
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fiberprocesser. Valmet AB, 851 94, Sundsvall, Sweden.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8817-2031
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2025 (English)In: BioResources, E-ISSN 1930-2126, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 9226-9241Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The role of sodium sulfate was considered relative to pulp washing liquors and its impact on the reattachment of lignin to pulp fibers during the brownstock washing process. The dissolution of lignin during washing and its potential redeposition onto the pulp fibers is influenced by various factors. Three distinct types of pulp-unbleached, bleached, and cotton linters-were used to explore these effects. The washing experiments were conducted using industrial wash liquor and were repeated further with the addition of sodium sulfate. The resulting products of the washing process, including the liquor discharge and the washed pulp, were thoroughly evaluated. Analytical techniques, such as UV measurements of lignin content in the liquor discharge and characterization of the pulp, were employed to assess the outcomes. The findings reveal that the addition of sodium sulfate to the washing liquor resulted in an increase in its conductivity and ionic strength. Moreover, it was observed that lignin reattachment to pulp fibers was noticeably greater when washing was performed with sodium sulfate addition. Among the pulps studied, unbleached kraft pulp exhibited the highest degree of lignin reattachment, followed by bleached kraft pulp, with cotton linters showing the least.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioResources , 2025. Vol. 20, no 4, p. 9226-9241
Keywords [en]
Adsorption, Brownstock washing, Hydrophobic interaction, Lignin reattachment, Washing liquor
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370382DOI: 10.15376/biores.20.4.9226-9241ISI: 001570777800032Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105015144690OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-370382DiVA, id: diva2:2001084
Note

QC 20250925

Available from: 2025-09-25 Created: 2025-09-25 Last updated: 2026-02-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Efficient Washing of Papergrade Pulp in the Kraft Process
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Efficient Washing of Papergrade Pulp in the Kraft Process
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Brownstock washing is a critical unit operation in kraft pulping, responsible for removing dissolved lignin and other organic materials from the pulp prior to further delignification and bleaching. In the process, effective brownstock washing improves pulp quality and reduces chemical consumption, leading to better environmental and economic outcomes. A persistent challenge in modern kraft mills is lignin redeposition during washing, particularly under liquor recycling and process closure conditions. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of lignin removal, transport, and redeposition during brownstock washing of softwood kraft pulp. The work examines how physicochemical conditions, including liquor composition, ionic strength, pH, alkali addition, divalent cations, and storage conditions (storage time and temperature), significantly influence lignin diffusion, particularly in higher molecular weight lignin fractions. A combination of laboratory-scale washing experiments, filtrate analysis, pulp characterization, and lignin leaching studies was employed to isolate and examine these coupled mechanisms. The results demonstrate that lignin removal is frequently limited by diffusion from the fibre wall and that the stability of dissolved lignin is strongly influenced by ionic strength and ion-specific effects. Sulfate rich, high ionic strength liquors promote lignin aggregation and redeposition, whereas elevated pH and controlled alkali addition enhance lignin solubility and reduce redeposition within defined limits. Storage time and temperature were shown to significantly affect lignin diffusion, particularly for higher molecular weight lignin fractions. Overall, this work indicates that brownstock washing is governed by the interplay among diffusion-controlled transport, the thermodynamic stability of dissolved lignin, and surface-driven redeposition phenomena. The mechanistic insights gained provide a basis for optimizing washing strategies, reducing lignin carryover, and improving the sustainability and efficiency of kraft pulping operations.

Abstract [sv]

Tvättning av blåsledningsmassa är en kritisk enhetsoperation i sulfatmassaframställning och avlägsnar lösligt lignin och andra organiska ämnen från massan före vidare delignifiering och blekning. En effektiv tvättning förbättrar massakvalitet och minskar kemikalieförbrukning, vilket bidrar till bättre miljömässiga och ekonomiska resultat. En utmaning i moderna kraftmassafabriker är ligninåteravsättning under tvättning, särskilt under förhållanden med lutåtervinning, processlutning och hög jonstyrka. Detta arbete ger en mekanistisk förståelse för ligninborttagning, transport och återavsättning vid tvättning av barrblåsledningsmassa. Studien undersöker hur fysikalisk-kemiska parametrar – inklusive lutsammansättning, jonstyrka, pH, alkalitillsats, tvåvärda katjoner samt lagringsförhållanden (lagringstid och temperatur) – påverkar lignindiffusion, särskilt för ligninfraktioner med högre molekylvikt, samt stabiliteten hos löst lignin i tvättvätskan och lignin– fiberyteinteraktioner. En kombination av tvättexperiment i laboratorieskala, filtratanalys, massakarakterisering och ligninlakningsstudier användes för att isolera och undersöka dessa samverkande mekanismer. Resultaten visar att ligninborttagning ofta är begränsad av diffusion från fiberväggen och att stabiliteten hos löst lignin påverkas starkt av jonstyrka och jonspecifika effekter. Sulfatrika lösningar med hög jonstyrka främjar ligninaggregering och återavsättning, medan förhöjt pH och kontrollerad alkalitillsats ökar ligninets löslighet och minskar återavsättning inom definierade gränser. Lagringstid och temperatur visade sig ha en signifikant effekt på lignindiffusionen, särskilt för ligninfraktioner med högre molekylvikt. Sammanfattningsvis visar detta arbete att tvättning av blåsledningsmassa styrs av samspelet mellan diffusionskontrollerad transport, termodynamisk stabilitet hos löst lignin samt ytdrivna återdeponeringsfenomen. De mekanistiska insikterna som erhållits utgör en grund för att optimera tvättstrategier, minska ligninåteravsättning samt förbättra hållbarhet och effektivitet i sulfatmassaframställning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 53
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2026:12
Keywords
brownstock washing, ionic strength, lignin redeposition, storage, leaching
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-377289 (URN)978-91-8106-547-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-03-20, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66280301517, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova, 2021-02089
Note

QC 20260225

Available from: 2026-02-25 Created: 2026-02-24 Last updated: 2026-03-13Bibliographically approved

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Polisetti, VeerababuVikström, TomasHenriksson, GunnarSevastyanova, Olena

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