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Third-party logistics providers in construction projects – implications for coopetitive interaction in forced relationships
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Construction and Facilities Management.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5612-0608
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Construction and Facilities Management.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2309-9958
2025 (English)In: Journal of business & industrial marketing, ISSN 0885-8624, E-ISSN 2052-1189, Vol. 40, no 13, p. 171-185Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to gain deeper insight into the nature of forced coopetitive relationships by investigating the aspects favouring cooperative and competitive interactions in relationships between third-party logistics (TPL) providers of mandatory construction logistics setups (CLSs) and contractors. Design/methodology/approach – The industrial network approach (INA) and the actors–resources–activities model is used in combination with the value net model and insights from the coopetition literature to analyse the coopetitive interactions between the TPL provider of a mandatory CLS and contractors in a case study, to highlight and problematise the value-creating role of TPL providers as complementors to contractors. Findings – The study reveals the coopetitive nature of the interactions between TPL providers and contractors by detailing the activities and resources they engage in, and how they relate to one another both formally and informally. It provides a more detailed understanding of how and why tensions arise in forced relationships and of the differing as well as evolving value-creating role perceptions in coopetitive relationships. This underscores the importance of understanding coopetitive interactions and role ambiguity in managing tensions within mandatory CLSs and in forced coopetitive relationships as such. Originality/value – By investigating the interactions through a coopetition lens, this study provides a new interpretation of the value-creating role of TPL providers as complementors to contractors and sheds new light on earlier research on CLS in logistics management. It also contributes to INA and the coopetition literature by examining interaction in forced coopetitive business relationships.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald , 2025. Vol. 40, no 13, p. 171-185
Keywords [en]
ARA, Complementor, Construction logistics, Coopetition, Forced relationships, Industrial network approach, Tensions, Third-party logistics, Value net model
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370693DOI: 10.1108/JBIM-06-2024-0426ISI: 001568534100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105016009515OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-370693DiVA, id: diva2:2002421
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-20103
Note

QC 20250930

Available from: 2025-09-30 Created: 2025-09-30 Last updated: 2026-02-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Forced Business Relationships and Evolving Roles in Construction Projects: Scrutinising Third-Party Logistics Providers as the Holy Grail of Supply Chain Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Forced Business Relationships and Evolving Roles in Construction Projects: Scrutinising Third-Party Logistics Providers as the Holy Grail of Supply Chain Management
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Construction projects are characterised by fragmented responsibilities, temporary relationships, and recurring coordination challenges that hinder productivity and limit opportunities for improvement. In recent years, construction logistics setups (CLSs) operated by third-party logistics (TPL) providers have been introduced as an organisational response to these challenges, offering potential improvements in logistics efficiency, predictability, and sustainability. As these setups become more common, particularly in dense urban environments, they introduce a new actor into the organisation of construction production. When the use of a CLS is mandated by clients or municipalities, contractors and suppliers are required to cooperate with the third-party logistics provider regardless of their own preferences. These externally imposed arrangements create forced business relationships that influence how coordination is organised, how interactions unfold, and how responsibilities and roles evolve over time. They also intersect with competitive conditions between contractors, adding an additional layer of complexity to coordination. Despite the growing use of TPL-operated CLSs, their implications for coordination and interorganisational relationships remain insufficiently understood.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to advance understanding of how third-party logistics providers, as a new type of actor managing logistics during production in construction projects, assume and enact roles that engage with and affect interorganisational relationships. The thesis comprises four appended papers, which together address the purpose through complementary empirical and analytical perspectives.

To address this purpose, the thesis draws on perspectives from supply chain management, the industrial network approach, and coopetition. These perspectives support an analysis of how coordination is formed through both formal arrangements and everyday interaction, how new actors become embedded and legitimate within existing networks, and how cooperation and competition coexist in relationships shaped by external mandates. The empirical foundation consists of two in-depth case studies of TPL-operated CLSs. One case concerns the refurbishment project of the university hospital in Linköping, and the other a stage with multiple housing developments in the urban development district “Stockholm Royal Seaport". Interviews, observations, and documentary material were used to analyse how roles, interactions, and tensions in the relationships between different actors developed over time.

The findings show that TPL providers influence coordination through responsibilities that extend beyond logistical tasks. Their involvement affects how activities are connected, how interdependencies are managed, and how the interactions between contractors are structured. Their roles change in response to expectations, formal mandates, and the practical challenges of coordinating contractors with differing priorities and working practices. In contexts where cooperation is externally imposed, their roles can shift between being perceived as supportive and necessary or intrusive. Their ability to build legitimacy, demonstrate competence, and adapt to contractors' practices is central, since coordination in construction is shaped more by ongoing interaction, negotiation, and adjustment than by formal control. Forced cooperation introduces both constraints and opportunities that influence how actors cooperate, interpret mandates, and stabilise working relationships over time.

Overall, the thesis contributes to the understanding of how new actors participate in the organisation of construction production under conditions of an external mandate. It shows that coordination develops through incremental and context-specific adaptations rather than through a complete integration of the supply network. It extends the industrial network approach by showing how actors position themselves and develop influence in loosely coupled networks through repeated interaction. It also enriches coopetition research by showing how cooperative and competitive dynamics shift within forced business relationships mediated by an intermediary. The thesis concludes by identifying implications for the governance of CLSs and by suggesting directions for future research on coordination, role development, and interorganisational dynamics in project-based contexts.

Abstract [sv]

Byggprojekt kännetecknas av fragmenterad organisering, temporära relationer och återkommande samordningsutmaningar som begränsar produktivitet och försvårar möjligheterna till förbättringar. Under de senaste åren har särskilda bygglogistiklösningar som drivs av tredjepartslogistiker införts som ett organisatoriskt svar på dessa utmaningar och erbjuder potentiella förbättringar av logistisk effektivitet, förutsägbarhet och hållbarhet. I takt med att sådana lösningar blir vanligare, särskilt i täta stadsutvecklingsprojekt, etableras tredjepartslogistikaktörer som en del av organiseringen av byggproduktionen. När dessa bygglogistiklösningar dessutom är obligatoriska genom krav från beställare eller kommuner innebär det att entreprenörer och leverantörer måste samarbeta med logistikaktören, oavsett egna preferenser. Detta skapar externt påtvingade affärsrelationer som påverkar hur samordning organiseras, hur interaktioner utvecklas och hur ansvar och roller förändras över tid. De samspelar även med konkurrensförhållanden mellan entreprenörer, vilket tillför ytterligare komplexitet till samordningen. Trots den ökande användningen av särskilda bygglogistiklösningar är deras implikationer för samordning och interorganisatoriska relationer fortfarande otillräckligt förstådda.

Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att öka förståelsen för hur tredjepartslogistiker, som en ny typ av aktör som hanterar logistik under produktionen i byggprojekt, antar och utformar roller som påverkar interorganisatoriska relationer. Avhandlingen omfattar fyra artiklar som tillsammans belyser syftet utifrån kompletterande empiriska och analytiska perspektiv.

För att uppnå detta syfte utgår avhandlingen från tre teoretiska perspektiv: supply chain management, industriellt nätverksperspektiv och coopetition. Dessa perspektiv möjliggör en analys av hur samordning formas genom både formella arrangemang och vardaglig interaktion, hur nya aktörer etableras och får betydelse i befintliga nätverk, och hur samarbete och konkurrens samexisterar i relationer som präglas av externa krav. Det empiriska underlaget består av två kvalitativa fallstudier av särskilda bygglogistiklösningar. Det ena fallet avser ombyggnadsprojektet av universitetssjukhuset i Linköping och det andra en etapp med flera bostadsprojekt i stadsutvecklingsområdet Norra Djurgårdsstaden i Stockholm. Intervjuer, observationer och dokumentation användes för att analysera hur roller, interaktioner och spänningar mellan aktörer utvecklades över tid.

Resultaten visar att tredjepartslogistiker påverkar samordningen i byggprojekt genom ansvar som sträcker sig bortom rena logistikuppgifter. Deras medverkan påverkar hur aktiviteter kopplas samman, hur beroenden hanteras och hur interaktioner mellan entreprenörer struktureras. Deras roller förändras i relation till förväntningar, formella mandat och de praktiska utmaningarna i att samordna entreprenörer med olika prioriteringar och arbetssätt. I sammanhang där samarbete är externt påtvingat kan logistikaktörens roll uppfattas som stödjande, nödvändig eller störande. Deras förmåga att bygga legitimitet, visa kompetens och anpassa sig till entreprenörernas arbetssätt är central eftersom samordning i byggproduktion formas mer av fortlöpande interaktion, förhandling och anpassning än av formell styrning. Påtvingat samarbete innebär både begränsningar och möjligheter som påverkar hur aktörer samverkar, tolkar krav och stabiliserar affärsrelationer över tid.

Sammantaget bidrar avhandlingen till ökad förståelse för hur nya aktörer deltar i organiseringen av byggproduktion under förutsättningar av externt mandat. Den visar att samordning utvecklas genom stegvisa och kontextspecifika anpassningar snarare än genom fullständig integration av försörjningskedjan. Studien vidareutvecklar det industriella nätverksperspektivet genom att belysa hur aktörer positionerar sig och får inflytande i löst kopplade nätverk genom återkommande interaktion. Den bidrar även till forskning om coopetition genom att visa hur dynamiken mellan samarbete och konkurrens förändras i påtvingade affärsrelationer där en mellanhand hanterar samordningen. Avhandlingen avslutas med att diskutera implikationer för styrningen av särskilda bygglogistiklösningar och föreslår framtida forskning kring samordning, rollutveckling och interorganisatorisk dynamik i byggprojektbaserade sammanhang.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 92
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 261
Keywords
Construction logistics, third-party logistics, construction logistics setups, forced business relationships, interorganisational relationships, supply chain management, industrial network approach, coopetition, role development, project-based organising, Bygglogistik, tredjepartslogistik, bygglogistiklösningar, påtvingade affärsrelationer, interorganisatoriska relationer, supply chain management, coopetition, rollutveckling, projektbaserad organisering
National Category
Business Administration Construction Management Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376500 (URN)978-91-8106-533-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-03-20, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, public video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63971455700, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016–20103
Note

QC 20260223

Available from: 2026-02-23 Created: 2026-02-17 Last updated: 2026-03-02Bibliographically approved

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Ekeskär, AndreasHavenvid, Malena I.

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