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How Smarter Electricity Use inOffices Can Help Decarbonize Sweden's Grid: A Study on High-Resolution Emission Accounting and DemandFlexibility in Swedish Office Buildings
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
2025 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

This study explores how demand flexibility in office buildings and high resolution electricity data can contribute to emission reductions and improved carbon accounting in the Swedish electricity system. Traditional electricity reporting relies on annual averages and national data, which can misrepresent the actual emissions associated with electricity use. By analyzing hourly and bidding zone specific data, this study investigates how electricity consumption inoffices can be adjusted to avoid high carbon hours and increase the Low Carbon Percentage in the grid. Three scenarios are evaluated: Do Nothing, Scaled Flexibility, and Work From Home. The analysis is based on historical electricity consumption from Sweco offices, along with hourly data on emissions and electricity prices. However, the methodology and model have been developed to also support forecast data, enabling real time implementation of the strategies once such data becomes available. The following Key Performance Indicators are used to assess both building level and system level impacts: Resolution Emissions, Avoided Emissions, Electricity Cost, Number of Offices, and Improved LCP. Results show that high resolution data provides a more accurate representation of emissions and that targeted demand-side measures can reduce emissions, limit costs, and support grid decarbonization. The findings highlight the potential of integrating high resolution temporal and geographical data into electricity planning and reporting.

Abstract [sv]

Denna studie undersöker hur efterfrågeflexibilitet i kontorsbyggnader och högupplöst eldata kan bidra till minskade utsläpp och förbättrad koldioxidredovisning i det svenska elsystemet. Traditionell elredovisning baseras på årliga genomsnitt och nationell data, vilket kan ge en missvisande bild av de faktiska utsläppen kopplade till elanvändning. Genom att analysera timvis data per elområde undersöks hur elanvändningen i kontor kan anpassas för att undvikatimmar med hög klimatpåverkan och öka andelen fossilfri el i elnätet. Tre scenarier utvärderas: Do Nothing, Scaled Flexibility och Work From Home. Analysen baseras på historisk elanvändning i Swecos kontor, tillsammans med timvis data för utsläpp och elpriser. Metodiken och modellen har dock utvecklats för att även kunna hantera forecastad data, vilket möjliggör realtidsanpassning av strategierna när sådan data blir tillgänglig. Följande Key Performance Indicators används för att utvärdera både byggnadsnivå och systemnivå: Resolution Emissions, Avoided Emissions, Electricity Cost, Number of Offices och Improved LCP. Resultaten visar att högupplöst data ger en mer träffsäker bild av utsläppen och att riktade åtgärder på efterfrågesidan kan minska utsläpp, begränsa kostnader och stödja en klimatomställning av elnätet. Studien belyser potentialen i att integrera mer högupplöst tid- och platsdata i planeringoch rapportering av elförbrukning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 76
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2025:434
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371357OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-371357DiVA, id: diva2:2005082
External cooperation
Sweco
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-10-09 Created: 2025-10-09 Last updated: 2025-10-09Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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