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Performance Modelling and Validation of a Mechanical Pressure Regulator for Spacecraft Propulsion Systems
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Prestandamodellering och Validering av en Mekanisk Tryckregulator för Rymdfarkosters Framdrivningssystem (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

This thesis presents the development and validation of a one-dimensional performance model for the OHB Sweden AB (OSE) Mechanical Pressure Regulator (MPR). This pressure regulator is intended to be used in European Space Agency (ESA)’s upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission. This model was developed in two parts: a steady-state model developed in MATLAB for day-to-day uses, and a transient model developed using EcosimPro. These were supported and validated by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, which also provided empirical data on Reynolds numbers and discharge coefficients.

The steady-state model combines compressible-flow equations, empirical discharge coefficient correlations, and a force equilibrium representation of the MPR itself to predict regulated pressure and internal parameters under given operating conditions. Its predictions align closely with CFD results. The transient model, developed in EcosimPro, captures the dynamic behaviour of the MPR during a rocket engine fire sequence with the goal of generating a noise spectrum for each operating condition. The resulting outlet pressure was compared to the experimentally available data, as well as the ESA noise requirements for LISA. This was enabled by a tunable inlet-disturbance signal which then propagated through the model components. CFD simulations in Ansys Fluent validated these results and provided crucial insights into the flow phenomena at the regulating actuator itself.

Together, these models provide OSE engineers with a useful toolkit: the steady-state model enables preliminary set-point and regulated pressure estimations using the steady-state MATLAB model, followed by more in-depth dynamic and noise assessments in EcosimPro. Several suggestions for future improvements to these models are provided with the ultimate goal of creating a model of the MPR which reaches ESA’s conditions for the LISA mission.

Abstract [sv]

Denna uppsats avhandlar utvecklingen och valideringen av en endimensionell prestandamodell för OHB Sweden AB:s Mechanical Pressure Regulator (MPR). Denna tryckregulator är avsedd att användas i ESA:s kommande LISA-uppdrag. Modellen har utvecklats i två delar: en stationär modell framtagen i MATLAB för dagligt designarbete, och en transient modell utvecklad i EcosimPro. Dessa har stöttats och validerats genom CFD-analyser, vilka även tillhandahöll empiriska data för Reynolds-tal och flödeskoefficienter.

Den stationära modellen kombinerar ekvationer för kompressibelt flöde, empiriska korrelationer för flödeskoefficienter, samt en kraftjämviktsmodell av själva MPR:n för att förutsäga det resulterande reglerade trycket och interna parametrar vid de givna driftförhållanden. Resultaten från dessa stämmer väl överens med CFD resultaten. Den transienta EcosimPro modellen fångar MPR:ns dynamiska beteende under raketmotorkörning, med målet att generera ett brusspektrum för varje driftfall. Det resulterande utloppstrycket jämfördes med tillgänglig experimentdata samt ESA:s bruskrav för LISA. Detta återskapades genom en störsignal vid inloppet som fortplantade sig genom modellens komponenter. CFD simuleringar i Ansys Fluent bekräftade resultaten, samtidigt som den gav viktiga insikter i flödesfenomenen vid den reglerande aktuatorn.

Tillsammans utgör dessa modeller ett användbart verktyg för OSE:s ingenjörer: den stationära modellen möjliggör snabba uppskattningar av det reglerade trycket, medan den transienta modellen skapar en mer avancerad analys av brusets beteende. Flera förslag på framtida förbättringar av modellerna presenteras, med det slutliga målet att skapa en MPR prototyp som uppfyller ESA:s krav för LISA-uppdraget.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 142
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2025:514
Keywords [en]
Mechanical Pressure Regulator (MPR), Spacecraft Pressure Regulation, Spacecraft Propulsion Systems, EcosimPro, Ansys Fluent, Discharge Coefficient, Power Spectral Density
Keywords [sv]
Mekanisk tryckregulator (MPR), Tryckreglering för rymdfarkoster, Framdrivningssystem för rymdfarkoster, EcosimPro, Ansys Fluent, Flödeskoefficient, Spektraltäthet
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371682OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-371682DiVA, id: diva2:2006888
External cooperation
OHB Sweden AB
Subject / course
Thermal Engineering
Educational program
Master of Science - Aerospace Engineering
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-10-16 Created: 2025-10-16 Last updated: 2025-10-17

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
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Output format
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