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Att konstruera gymnasieingenjören: En diskursanalys av det fjärde tekniska året (TE4)
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Constructing the Upper Secondary School Engineer : A Discourse Analysis of the Fourth Technical Year (TE4) (English)
Abstract [sv]

Detta examensarbete analyserar hur identiteten ”gymnasieingenjören” konstrueras i skärningspunkten mellan policy, institutioner och fältets aktörer, med särskilt fokus på det fjärde tekniska året (TE4). Syftet är att undersöka hur denna yrkesidentitet konstrueras, förhandlas och legitimeras av olika aktörer i det svenska utbildningslandskapet. Med ett teoretiskt ramverk som kombinerar Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys, Laclau och Mouffes poststrukturalistiska teori och Bourdieus kapitalbegrepp, analyseras policydokument, institutionellt material från skolor och organisationer som Teknikcollege, samt empiriska data från frågeformulär till rektorer, lärare och alumner. Analysen visar att "gymnasieingenjör" inte är en entydig kategori, utan fungerar som en omtvistad nodpunkt, eller en "flytande signifikator", som fylls med olika betydelser beroende på aktör. Den statliga diskursen framställer TE4 som en pragmatisk och rationell lösning på en identifierad kompetensbrist, en reparation av en länk till arbetslivet som brast i och med Lpf94-reformen. Industrins perspektiv, främst artikulerad genom Teknikcollege, strävar efter hegemoni genom att definiera utbildningens kvalitet utifrån näringslivets omedelbara behov av anställningsbar arbetskraft. Denna diskurs har blivit så inflytelserik att den i hög grad formar den allmänna förståelsen av utbildningens syfte. På fältnivå, bland rektorer, lärare och alumner, blir bilden mer komplex. Deras narrativ avslöjar en spänning mellan utbildningens upplevda relevans och dess svaga institutionella identitet, oklara status och svårigheter med elevrekrytering. I positioneringskampen mot den främsta konkurrenten, Yrkeshögskolan, lutar sig TE4 mot argument om tradition, stabilitet och kontinuitet, medan YH betonar flexibilitet och direkt arbetsmarknadsanpassning. Examensarbetet drar slutsatsen att TE4 existerar i ett liminalt tillstånd – i gränslandet mellan gymnasial och postgymnasial utbildning, mellan akademisering och vocationalisering. Dess identitet formas i en maktkamp mellan statlig styrning och industrins krav. En avgörande utmaning för utbildningens framtid är den akuta lärarbristen, ett strukturellt problem med historiska rötter i 1990-talets skolreformer, vilket hotar grundvalarna för att kunna upprätthålla en högkvalitativ teknisk utbildning.

Abstract [en]

This thesis provides a critical discourse analysis of the fourth year of the Technology Programme (TE4) in Swedish upper secondary education and the reintroduced professional title of "Upper Secondary School Engineer" (gymnasieingenjör). The purpose is to examine how this professional identity is constructed, negotiated, and legitimized by various actors within the Swedish educational landscape. Utilizing a theoretical framework that combines Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, Laclau and Mouffe's post-structuralist theory, and Bourdieu's concepts of capital, the study analyzes policy documents, institutional materials from schools and organizations such as Teknikcollege, and empirical data from questionnaires distributed to principals, teachers, and alumni. The analysis demonstrates that "Upper Secondary School Engineer" is not a stable category but rather functions as a contested nodal point, or a "floating signifier," imbued with different meanings by different actors. The state discourse portrays TE4 as a pragmatic and rational solution to an identified skills gap, a repair of the link to the labor market that was severed by the 1994 upper secondary school reform (Lpf94). The industrial discourse, primarily articulated through Teknikcollege, strives for hegemony by defining the quality of the education based on the immediate needs of the industry for employable labor. This discourse has become so influential that it largely shapes the common understanding of the program's purpose. At the field level, among principals, teachers, and alumni, the picture is more complex. Their narratives reveal a tension between the program's perceived relevance and its weak institutional identity, unclear status, and challenges with student recruitment. In the positioning struggle against its main competitor, the Higher Vocational Education (Yrkeshögskolan), TE4 relies on arguments of tradition, stability, and continuity, whereas YH emphasizes flexibility and direct adaptation to labor market demands. The thesis concludes that TE4 exists in a liminal state—in the borderland between upper secondary and post-secondary education, and between academization and vocationalization. Its identity is shaped by a power struggle between state governance and industrial demands. A critical challenge for the future of the program is the acute shortage of teachers, a structural problem with historical roots in the school reforms of the 1990s, which threatens the very foundation for maintaining high-quality technical education.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 62
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2025:581
National Category
Engineering and Technology Educational Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371828OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-371828DiVA, id: diva2:2007838
Subject / course
Technology and Learning
Educational program
Bridging Teacher Education Programme
Presentation
2025-10-08, 00:00
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-10-21 Created: 2025-10-21 Last updated: 2025-10-21Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
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Output format
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