kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Intrinsic heterogeneity of primary cilia revealed through spatial proteomics
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0489-7535
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Show others and affiliations
2025 (English)In: Cell, ISSN 0092-8674, E-ISSN 1097-4172, Vol. 188, no 24, p. 6804-6824.e16Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Primary cilia are critical organelles found on most human cells. Their dysfunction is linked to hereditary ciliopathies with a wide phenotypic spectrum. Despite their significance, the specific roles of cilia in different cell types remain poorly understood due to limitations in analyzing ciliary protein composition. We employed antibody-based spatial proteomics to expand the Human Protein Atlas to primary cilia. Our analysis identified the subciliary locations of 715 proteins across three cell lines, examining 128,156 individual cilia. We found that 69% of the ciliary proteome is cell-type specific, and 78% exhibited single-cilia heterogeneity. Our findings portray cilia as sensors tuning their proteome to effectively sense the environment and compute cellular responses. We reveal 91 cilia proteins and found a genetic candidate variant in CREB3 in one clinical case with features overlapping ciliopathy phenotypes. This open, spatial cilia atlas advances research on cilia and ciliopathies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2025. Vol. 188, no 24, p. 6804-6824.e16
Keywords [en]
3D images, cell-type specificity, cellular heterogeneity, cilia, ciliopathies, immunofluorescence microscopy, primary cilia, signaling, signaling microdomains, spatial proteomics
National Category
Developmental Biology Clinical Laboratory Medicine Neurosciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371990DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.039ISI: 001632367300009PubMedID: 41005307Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105017257456OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-371990DiVA, id: diva2:2008331
Note

QC 20260127

Available from: 2025-10-22 Created: 2025-10-22 Last updated: 2026-01-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Spatial proteome mapping of specialized subcellular structures in human cells
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spatial proteome mapping of specialized subcellular structures in human cells
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Proteins are the primary workhorses of the cell, carrying out virtually all processes to sustain cellular functioning. From enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions, to motor proteins that transport large cellular cargo across the cell, protein functions are as diverse as the unique amino acid sequences that compose the proteins. Protein function is largely dependent on the subcellular localization of the protein, as subcellular compartmentalization enables different environments that are suitable for different reactions. Knowledge about protein localization and function can, in the broader context, help us understand the cell in health and disease, as protein dysfunction and mislocalization are key drivers of developing disease.

 The work in this thesis has been carried out within the framework of the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) initiative, primarily for the subcellular resource. In Paper I, we measured the autoantibody profiles of patients with systemic sclerosis with the goal to identify new candidate biomarkers associated with fibrosis. We performed a near proteome-wide, untargeted screen combined with a targeted bead array and revealed 11 autoantibodies with higher prevalence in patients with systemic sclerosis than in controls. Two of these show high potential for being used as biomarkers for systemic sclerosis patients that are affected by skin and lung fibrosis. 

 For Paper II, we took advantage of the vast image library generated by the subcellular resource of HPA to create an image-based map of the micronuclear proteome. In total, we identified 944 proteins as micronuclear, dominated by proteins associated with nuclear and chromatin processes. The findings of this study expand our view of micronuclei as byproducts of mitotic errors to potential active participants in biological processes. In Paper III, we applied antibody-based spatial proteomics combined with 3D confocal imaging to map 715 proteins to primary cilia, and three ciliary substructures, across three different cell lines. Of the identified proteins, 91 had not been identified in cilia before, expanding our knowledge on the ciliary proteome and function. The findings of the study portray cilia as sensors able to tune their proteome to effectively sense the environment to compute cellular responses. Finally, in Paper IV, we mapped the subcellular localization of a subset of the human sperm proteome to 11 distinct subcellular structures of human sperm cells, providing the first image-based resource on protein localization in sperm cells. We found that 54% of the studied sperm proteins vary in spatial distribution and/or abundance between individual sperm, which raises the question of subpopulations of sperm. 

 In summary, this thesis expands our knowledge on protein localization in specialized subcellular structures and provides a foundation for further in-depth research into the mechanisms behind the drivers of certain diseases, such as for autoimmunity, cancers, ciliopathies, and male infertility phenotypes. 

Abstract [sv]

Proteiner utgör det huvudsakliga maskineriet i cellen. Deras funktioner är lika varierande som de unika aminosyrasekvenser som utgör proteinerna. Från enzymer som katalyserar biokemiska reaktioner, till motorproteiner som transporterar cellulärt gods, de ansvarar för praktiskt taget alla processer som krävs för att cellen ska vara funktionsduglig. Proteiners funktion utgörs till stor del av deras subcellulära lokalisering. Detta eftersom den subcellulära uppdelningen av olika utrymmen möjliggör varierande miljöer lämpade för olika biokemiska reaktioner. I en bredare kontext kan kunskap om proteiners lokalisering och funktion ge oss en bättre bild av hur cellen fungerar, både vid hälsa och sjukdom då funktionsrubbningar och fellokaliseringar av proteiner är drivande faktorer i flertalet sjukdomsförlopp. 

 Denna avhandling har genomförts inom ramen av Human Protein Atlas (HPA), främst inom den subcellulära resursen. I Artikel I, undersökte vi autoantikroppsprofiler i patienter med systemisk skleros med syftet att identifiera nya kandidater till biomarkörer kopplade till fibros. Vi använde oss av två olika analysmetoder: en baserad på 42 000 antigen från HPA fixerade på en plan yta för en icke-riktad analys, följt av antigen fixerade på magnetiska mikrosfärer för en riktad analys. Vi identifierade 11 autoantikroppar som hade högre prevalens bland patienter med systemisk skleros jämfört med kontroller. Två av dessa visade hög potential att användas som biomarkörer för patienter med systemisk skleros som är påverkade av bindvävsförtjockning i huden samt lungfibros. 

 I Artikel II, utnyttjade vi det enorma bildbiblioteket genererat av den subcellulära resursen av HPA för att kartlägga proteomet i mikrokärnor. Vi identifierade totalt 944 proteiner i mikrokärnor. Dessa proteiner domineras av proteiner som är involverade i processer relaterade till kärnan samt kromatin. Resultaten av denna studie expanderar vår bild av mikrokärnor från en biprodukt av bristfälligheter vid celldelning, till potentiella aktiva aktörer i cellulära processer.   

I Artikel III, tillämpade vi antikroppsbaserad spatiell proteomik kombinerat med konfokalmikroskopi i 3D för att kartlägga proteiner i primära cilier samt tre relaterade substrukturer. Vi identifierade totalt 715 proteiner. Av dessa hade 91 proteiner inte identifierats i cilier i någon art, vilket utvidgar vår kunskap om primära cilier, dess proteom samt funktion. Resultaten av denna studie framställer primära cilier som sensorer som kan finjustera sitt proteom för att effektivt känna av sin omgivning för att beräkna en cellulär respons. 

Slutligen, i Artikel IV, kartlade vi en andel av proteomet i mänskliga spermier till 11 olika substrukturer. Detta är den första bildbaserade kartläggningen av proteinlokalisering i spermier. Av de 652 identifierade proteinerna visade 54% variation i lokalisering eller uttryck mellan individuella spermier från en donator, vilket väcker frågan om delpopulationer av spermier.

Sammanfattningsvis, denna avhandling utvidgar vår kunskap om proteinlokalisering i specialiserade subcellulära strukturer och tillhandahåller en resurs för fortsatta studier på sjukdomsmekanismer för sjukdomar som autoimmunitet, cancer, ciliopatier samt manlig infertilitet. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 61
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2026:2
Keywords
antibody-based spatial proteomics, cellular heterogeneity, micronuclei, primary cilia, human sperm, antikroppsbaserad spatiell proteomik, cellulär heterogenitet, mikrokärnor, primära cilier, mänskliga spermier
National Category
Cell Biology Medical Biotechnology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375190 (URN)978-91-8106-507-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-02-06, D2, via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66460872948, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2026-01-12

Available from: 2026-01-12 Created: 2026-01-09 Last updated: 2026-01-16Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMedScopus

Authority records

Hansen, Jan N.Johannesson, AlexandraLe, TrangTzavlaki, KalliopiWinsnes, CasperPohjanen, EmmieMäkiniemi, AnnaFall, JennyBäckström, AnnaJohansson, Fredricvon Feilitzen, KalleMahdessian, DianaUhlén, MathiasAxelsson, UlrikaKäller Lundberg, Emma

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Hansen, Jan N.Johannesson, AlexandraLe, TrangTzavlaki, KalliopiWinsnes, CasperPohjanen, EmmieMäkiniemi, AnnaFall, JennyBäckström, AnnaJohansson, Fredricvon Feilitzen, KalleMahdessian, DianaUhlén, MathiasAxelsson, UlrikaKäller Lundberg, Emma
By organisation
Cellular and Clinical ProteomicsScience for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLabSystems Biology
In the same journal
Cell
Developmental BiologyClinical Laboratory MedicineNeurosciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 95 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf