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Exploring excess heat recovery in proton exchange membrane electrolysis for Green Hydrogen production: A Technical and economic analysis
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9927-4623
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5742-6457
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1806-9749
2025 (English)In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 342, article id 120118Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In pursuit of the 2050 decarbonisation goals outlined in the Paris Agreement, the European Union aims to integrate renewable energy sources into electricity generation. However, the intermittent nature of solar and wind energy presents challenges for grid stability and reliability. Hydrogen (H2), particularly "green H2" produced through renewable electrolysis, has emerged as a promising energy carrier to complement variable renewable energy. This study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of utilising excess heat generated during Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis, a by-product typically underutilised, to improve the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of green hydrogen production. Using Aspen Plus, the study models five heat recovery scenarios: electricity generation via an ammonia Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), direct heat supply to a District Heating (DH) network, steam generation using hydrogen and electric boilers, and a combined DH and steam generation configuration. The base case assumes no heat recovery and relies solely on cooling towers for heat rejection. Among the alternatives, the DH scenario proved to be the most economically viable, achieving a Net Present Value (NPV) of <euro>9.5 million, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 0.23, and a Payback Period (PB) of 7 years, at a hydrogen price of <euro>9.5/kg. In contrast, the ORC scenario yielded a negative NPV and a payback period exceeding 30 years, indicating limited viability under current conditions. The results highlight the importance of integrating low-grade heat recovery into green hydrogen systems. Redirecting PEM excess heat to existing DH infrastructure offers the most immediate economic and technical benefits, contributing to more efficient, circular, and financially attractive hydrogen production systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2025. Vol. 342, article id 120118
Keywords [en]
Hydrogen generation, Green hydrogen, Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, Excess heat recovery, District heating (DH), Ammonia ORC
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-372811DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120118ISI: 001539095600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105010431480OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-372811DiVA, id: diva2:2014917
Note

QC 20251119

Available from: 2025-11-19 Created: 2025-11-19 Last updated: 2025-11-19Bibliographically approved

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Kumar, ShravanKukkera Vittala, VishalThakur, JagrutiGunasekara, Saman Nimali

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