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Local electron attachment energy in the prediction of covalent inhibitor reactivity
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry.
2026 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Prediktion av kovalent inhibitor-reaktivitet med lokala elektronadditionsenergin (Swedish)
Abstract [sv]

Kovalenta inhibitorer (Covalent inhibitors) är en klass läkemedel som bildar kovalenta bindningar till sitt mål, som oftast är en nukleofil aminosyra på ett enzym. För att snabba på processen för läkemedelsutveckling och minska kostnaderna har kvantkemiska metoder som övergångstillståndsberäkningar (transition state calculations) och Parrs elektrofilicitetsindex ω tidigare använts för att uppskatta deras reaktivitet. Det här arbetet undersöker huruvida lokala elektronadditionsenergin (local electron attachment energy) E(r) och elektrostatiska potentialen V(r) kopplad till minimum i lokala elektronadditionsenergin ES,min kan användas for at uppskatta reaktiviteten for kovalenta inhibitorer. Resultatet jämförs med Parrs elektrofilicitetsindex.

Lokala elektronadditionsenergin, elektrostatiska potentialen och elektrofilicitetsindex beräknades för 4 dataset. De jämfördes sedan med experimentella halveringstider eller beräknade aktiveringsenergier. Två dataset innehöll molekyler baserade på akrylamid och de två andra dataseten innehöll molekyler baserade pá propynamid. Båda dessa grupper har ett reaktivt β-kol som reaktivt säte (reactive site). ES,min fungerar för att förutsäga reaktiviteten för både akrylamider och propynamider och ger en acceptabel till väldigt bra korrelation. Det syns möjligtvis en trend till att ES,min fungerar bättre än VS(r) och ω när molekyler har olika substituenter pa β-kolet. VS(r) visar en liknande korrelation som ES,min för akrylamiderna.För propynamiderna skiljer det sig nagot där VS(r) visar en bättre korrelation för ett dataset men en väldigt svag korrelation för det andra. ω presterar likvärdigt eller bättre än ES,min för dataseten med akrylamider men visar en dålig korrelation för dataseten med propynamider.

Abstract [en]

Covalent inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that form covalent bonds to their target, which is typically a nucleophilic residue on an enzyme. To speed up the process of drug discovery and decrease the costs quantum chemical methods have previously been used to predict their reactivity using measures such as activation energies from transition state calculations and Parrs electrophilicity index ω. This work investigates the ability of the local electron attachment energy ES(r) and electrostatic potential VS(r) associated with the minimum local electron attachment energy ES,min to predict the reactivity of covalent inhibitors and compares the result to that of the electrophilicity index.

The local electron attachment energy, electrostatic potential associated with the ES,min and Parr’s electrophilicity index were calculated for 4 different datasets of covalent inhibitors. They were then compared to experimental half-lives or computed activation energies. Two of the datasets contained molecules with acrylamide warheads and two contained propynamide warheads. Both acrylamides and propynamides have a unsaturated β-carbon as the reactive site. Overall the ES,min shows the most consistent ability to predict the reactivity showing acceptable to excellent correlation for both acrylamides and propynamides there is possibly a trend toward the ES,min working better than the other properties when there are different substituents on the warhead β-carbons. The VS(r) shows a similar performance to the ES,min for the acrylamides. For the propynamides it shows a slightly higher correlation for one dataset but almost no correlation for the second. The ω works as well or better than the ES,min for the two datasets containing acrylamides but shows a poor performance for the datasets containing propynamides.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2026:001
Keywords [en]
Covalent inhibitors, local electron attachement energy, reactivity, quantum chemisty, density functional theory, electrophilicity index
Keywords [sv]
Kovalenta inhibitorer, lokal elektronadditionsenergi, reaktivitet, kvantkemi, täthetsfunktionalteori, elektrofilicitetsindex
National Category
Theoretical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375161OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-375161DiVA, id: diva2:2026336
Subject / course
Chemistry
Educational program
Degree of Master - Molecular Science and Engineering
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-01-09 Created: 2026-01-09

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