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Green and efficient cell wall nano-reconstruction under ambient temperature towards strong cellulosic aerogels
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-2291-1792
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Bio-Opto-Nano Physics.ORCID iD: 0009-0005-9872-3964
Linköping Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, Lab Organ Elect LOE, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.
Linköping Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, Lab Organ Elect LOE, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.
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2026 (English)In: Green Chemistry, ISSN 1463-9262, E-ISSN 1463-9270, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 242-254Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cellulosic aerogels show great promise for diverse applications. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by energy-intensive processing and limited mechanical properties. This work presents a green and efficient approach for strong cellulosic aerogel synthesis through cell wall nano-reconstruction using one-step NaOH (10 wt%) treatment of wood at ambient temperature. The obtained cellulosic aerogel (wood aerogel) showed partially preserved hierarchical structure and nanofibril networks filled lumen, leading to a combination of high specific surface area (202 m2 g-1) and a high yield strength (4.3 MPa). The generation of mesoporosity and the building of nanofibril networks were studied in detail. NaOH provided cell wall swelling and partial extraction of deacetylated xylan, generating nanoporosity in the cell wall. The extracted xylan then aggregated and rearranged into nanofibril networks occupying the lumen. The technology developed for wood aerogel synthesis and the understanding of wood aerogel formation pave the way for green cell wall nanoengineering towards advanced materials design.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) , 2026. Vol. 28, no 1, p. 242-254
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-374817DOI: 10.1039/d5gc03785aISI: 001592231300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105026563814OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-374817DiVA, id: diva2:2027480
Note

QC 20260116

Available from: 2026-01-13 Created: 2026-01-13 Last updated: 2026-01-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Wood Nanoengineering for Multifunctionality through Metallization and Mineralization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wood Nanoengineering for Multifunctionality through Metallization and Mineralization
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Hierarchical porous materials yield versatile functionalities by combining pores across multiple length scales, whereas their controlled bottom-up synthesis remains a challenge. This thesis presents a biomimetic strategy to fabricate hierarchical porous metal and mineral composites by utilizing and exploring the naturally developed hierarchical structure of wood. Direct use of wood as template is also environmentally and economically friendly due to its renewable source, low cost, and scalable processability. 

A sequential methodology was developed, beginning with cell wall engineering to overcome the limited accessibility and mass diffusion of bulk wood. This was first achieved by programmed removal of cell wall components. Reassembly of intrinsic biopolymers into lumina fibril networks was then investigated to create wood aerogels with high specific surface area. The engineered wood scaffolds were subsequently functionalized via metallization or mineralization. Electroless Cu plating produced compressible, electrically conductive templates, while MTMS condensation imparted hydrophobicity. ZnCl2 was also explored to simultaneously fabricate wood aerogels and precipitate ZnO in situ. The resulting composites combined the structural advantages of engineered wood scaffold (large surface area, aligned channels, mechanical robustness) with the functionality of guest materials. This synergy enables applications in pressure sensors, thermal insulation in energy-efficient buildings, and photocatalytic dye degradation. This work established a versatile and sustainable platform for transforming renewable resources into high-performance functional composites. 

Abstract [sv]

Hierarkiska porösa material erbjuder mångsidiga funktionaliteter genom att kombinera porer över flera längdskalor, men deras kontrollerad bottent-uppsyntes är en stor utmaning. Denna avhandling presenterar en biomimetisk strategi för att framställa hierarkiska porösa mineraler och metaller genom att utnyttja trädets naturligta hierarkiska struktur. Direkt användning av trä som mall är dessutom miljövänlig och ekonomiskt fördelaktigt på grund av dess förnybara ursprung, låga kostnad och skalbara processbarhet.

En sekventiell metodik utvecklades, som började med att öka cellväggens begränsade tillgänglighet och massdiffusion i massivt trä. Detta uppnåddes först genom programmerad borttagning av cellväggskomponenter. Därefter undersöktes om-montering av biopolymererna till ett fibrilnätverk i lumen för att skapa träaerogeler med hög specifik ytarea. De konstruerade trästommen funktionaliserades därefter via metallisering eller mineralisering. Elektrolös kopparplätering gav komprimerbara, elektriskt ledande templat, medan MTMS-kondensation gav hydrofobicitet. ZnCl2 undersöktes också för att samtidigt framställa träaerogeler och utfälla ZnO in situ. De resulterande kompositer kombinerade de strukturella fördelarna med den konstruerade trästommen (stor ytarea, ordnade kanaler, mekanisk robusthet) med gästmaterialens funktionalitet. Denna synergieffekt möjliggör tillämpningar inom trycksensorer, termisk isolering i energieffektiva byggnader samt fotokatalytisk nedbrytning av färgämnen. Detta arbete etablerade en mångsidig och hållbar plattform för att omvandla förnybara resurser till högpresterande funktionella kompositer. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 73
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2026:5
Keywords
Hierarchical porous materials, wood, composites, cell wall nanoengineering, aerogel, metallization, mineralization, Hierarkiska porösa material, trä, kompositer, nanoteknik för cellväggar, aerogel, metallisering, mineralisering
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology Composite Science and Engineering
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375840 (URN)978-91-8106-522-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-02-27, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69052367970, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2026-02-03

Embargo t.o.m. 2027-02-27 godkänt av skolchef Amelie Eriksson Karlström via e-post 2026-02-02.

Available from: 2026-02-03 Created: 2026-01-28 Last updated: 2026-02-04Bibliographically approved

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Xu, XiaoyingSehati, ArezuBerglund, LarsLi, Yuanyuan

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