kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Aligning Governmental Policy Intervention Gaps with Citizen Consumption Actions
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies. MIT Senseable City Lab/Amsterdam Institute for Metropolitan Solutions. (SEED)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9586-6883
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Sustainable development
SDG 1: No poverty, SDG 2: Zero hunger, SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities, SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production
Abstract [en]

The thesis is motivated and inspired by existing environmental policies from

global governing bodies to local municipalities and their impact on the citizens there.

However, gaps exist between policies, their interventions and the effect on citizens,

where we do not know their impacts, their explanations and how to fine-tune them.

Some environmental policies are designed and deployed built on globalised knowledge,

rather than on local insights and actions of people expected to be affected by them.

Social interventions for such policies can introduce smart devices into neighbourhoods

but they may be developed based on government’s goals rather than on citizen’s needs.

Also, economic impacts are often varied based on income characteristics of a home,

which can bring a wide distribution of unintended, unjust and unequal effects.

This thesis explores a range of policies and intervention impacts on citizen actions,

from renewable energy directives to food waste fridges and retro fitting regulations.

The policies are designed at different scales, including the United Nations (global),

EU (continental), the Netherlands (national), Amsterdam (city) and Zuid-Oost (district).

Papers 1 and 2 study sustainable neighbourhoods and renewable energy communities

using visual ethnography with citizens from a neighbourhood within Stockholm.

Papers 3, 4 and 5 study energy poverty, food insecurity and household poverty

using mixed methods with citizens from various neighbourhoods in Amsterdam.

First, results indicate self-sufficiency, community plot ratio and civic generosity are

UNEP indexes that citizens find suitable for assessing sustainability in neighbourhoods.

However, self-sufficient production of food and energy is unfeasible for all homes.

Second, results show EU renewable energy communities are aligned to these indexes.

However, they greatly depend on civic ambitions of volunteers to be implemented.

Third, Dutch policies which include energy coaching and smart device interventions

reduce gas, electricity, income spent on energy bills and ultimately, energy poverty.

However, coaching helps homes feel in control of their consumption but not warmer.

Fourth, data indicates that a community smart fridge pilot intervention reduces

supermarket food waste, treats food insecurity and increases food interactions.

However, the viability of such a technology still depends on citizens as consumers.

Finally, results show that short term energy subsidies and long-term energy retrofits,

can significantly further impact important indicators contributing to household poverty.

However, home expenditures such as rent and groceries have continued to rise too.

Thus, this thesis has 5 papers all studying policy action gaps in which they:

a) are all inspired by environmental policy ambitions from global to city scale

b) study social interventions of achieving ambitions in urban neighbourhoods

c) focus on economic needs with a range of high income to low-income homes.

d) apply a citizen-centric approach with the assistance of smart devices or cameras

Abstract [sv]

Avhandlingen motiveras och inspireras av befintliga miljöpolicys från global till lokal nivå samt genom dess påverkan på medborgare. Det finns dock en kunskapslucka i skärningspunkten mellan policys, interventioner och vilken effekt de har på medborgare. Vi känner inte till deras påverkan, förklaringsmodeller eller hur de kan finjusteras. Vissa miljöpolicys är utformade och implementerade utifrån global kunskap, snarare än utifrån lokala insikter och handlingar hos människor som förväntas påverkas av dem. Sociala interventioner för att införa policys för smarta enheter i stadsdelar kan utvecklas utifrån statliga mål snarare än utifrån medborgares behov. Dessutom varierar de ekonomiska effekterna ofta beroende på hushållens socioekonomi, vilket kan medföra oavsiktliga, orättvisa och ojämlika effekter. Denna avhandling utforskar effekten ett antal policys och interventioner har på medborgares handlingar, från direktiv om förnybar energi till kylskåp för att minska matsvinn till regler för energieffektivisering. Policys är utformade på olika nivåer, inklusive; FN (globalt), EU (kontinentalt), Nederländerna (nationellt) och Amsterdam (kommunalt). Artikel 1 och 2 studerar hållbara stadsdelar och förnybara energigemenskaper genom visuell etnografi med medborgare från en stadsdel i Stockholm. Artikel 3, 4 och 5 studerar energifattigdom, livsmedelsosäkerhet och hushållsfattigdom med hjälp av mixed methods med medborgare från olika stadsdelar i Amsterdam.

För det första visar resultaten att UNEP index “self-sufficiency”, “community plot ratio” och “civic genorosity” är index som medborgare anser lämpliga för att bedöma hållbarhet i stadsdelar. Dock är självförsörjande produktion av mat och energi ogenomförbar för alla hushåll. För det andra visar resultaten att EU:s förnybara energigemenskaper är i linje med dessa index. Dock är de starkt beroende av ideella ambitioner hos volontärer för att genomföras. För det tredje minskar nederländska policys som inkluderar energicoaching och smart device-interventioner förbrukningen av gas, elektricitet samt kostnaderna för energi och i slutändan energifattigdom. Dock hjälper coaching hushåll att känna kontroll över sin konsumtion men det får dem inte att känna sig varmare. För det fjärde indikerar data att ett smart gemenskapskylskåp minskar matsvinn i livsmedelsbutiker och behandlar livsmedelsosäkerhet genom en pilotintervention i en stadsdel med blandade inkomster. Dock beror livskraften för en sådan teknik fortfarande på medborgare som konsumenter. Slutligen visar resultaten att kortsiktiga energisubventioner och långsiktiga energiåtgärder kan påverka viktiga indikatorer som bidrar till hushållsfattigdom avsevärt. Dock har hushållsutgifter som hyra och matvaror också fortsatt att stiga.

Således har denna avhandling 5 artiklar som alla studerar policy-interventionsluckor där de: a) alla är inspirerade av miljöpolitiska ambitioner från global till stadsnivå b) studerar sociala interventioner för att uppnå mål i urbana stadsdelar c) fokuserar på ekonomiska behov med ett spann från hög- till låginkomsthushåll d) tillämpar ett medborgarcentrerat tillvägagångssätt med hjälp av smarta enheter eller kameror.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. , p. 90
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 262
Keywords [en]
Environmental Policy, Intervention, Citizen Consumption Actions, Smart Devices, Renewable Energy Communities, Energy Poverty, Food Insecurity
National Category
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences
Research subject
Planning and Decision Analysis, Strategies for sustainable development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375468ISBN: 978-91-8106-518-3 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-375468DiVA, id: diva2:2028728
Public defence
2026-02-10, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, public video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61921110809, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 955422
Note

QC 20260119

Available from: 2026-01-19 Created: 2026-01-15 Last updated: 2026-01-19Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Citizen perceptions and interactions towards self-sufficiency, community plot ratio and civic generosity within sustainable neighbourhoods
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Citizen perceptions and interactions towards self-sufficiency, community plot ratio and civic generosity within sustainable neighbourhoods
2024 (English)In: City and Environment Interactions, E-ISSN 2590-2520, Vol. 24, article id 100180Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released design indexes for sustainable neighbourhoods, including self-sufficiency, community plot ratio and civic generosity. However, they are developed from an urban planning perspective and not researched in relation to: a) the citizen perspective and b) how citizen interactions can contribute to the environment. Therefore, this research tests a novel set of indexes with an underused method of ethnographic video interviews with 14 citizens of a known sustainable neighbourhood in Stockholm, Sweden. A thematic analysis conducted on 28 h of interview data collected over a 4-week period yielded 5 main themes, from outdoor public spaces. Self-sufficiency findings suggest that citizens 1) perceive small scale self-sufficiency to be challenged by large scale structural efficiency and 2) circular actions with food waste to biogas can develop the self-sufficiency index further. Community plot ratio findings suggest that citizens 3) perceive community spaces to be accessible for all but not used by all. Civic generosity findings suggest citizens 4) perceive an imbalance between self-interests of the individual versus collective interests of the community, while 5) experienced citizens feel personally responsible to pioneer civic generosity interactions. UNEP indexes for designing neighbourhoods can define local sustainability, however, our findings support this, only if they can be acted upon by the citizens who live there.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Accessibility, Circular actions, Citizen experiences, Ethnographic video interviews, Fire souls
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-357158 (URN)10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100180 (DOI)001367531500001 ()2-s2.0-85210032503 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20241205

Available from: 2024-12-04 Created: 2024-12-04 Last updated: 2026-01-15Bibliographically approved
2. Aligning European Union ambitions of renewable energy communities with citizens actions using United Nations sustainable neighbourhood indexes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Aligning European Union ambitions of renewable energy communities with citizens actions using United Nations sustainable neighbourhood indexes
2026 (English)In: Energy Policy, ISSN 0301-4215, E-ISSN 1873-6777, Vol. 209, article id 114960Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The United Nations Environment Programme design indexes for sustainable neighbourhoods, includes self-sufficiency, community plot ratio and civic generosity. The indexes are consistent with policies on European Union renewable energy communities, but their alignment has not been explored using indexes as guidelines for implementation. Furthermore, renewable energy community research is rarely explored with the actions of citizens who form them. Therefore, this research explores an emerging renewable energy community with a novel citizen centred perspective, using video interviews with fourteen citizens of a neighbourhood in Stockholm, Sweden to answer; ‘How can EU policy ambitions of renewable energy communities be aligned to citizens actions, using sustainable neighbourhood indexes: self-sufficiency, community plot ratio and civic generosity?’ We used thematic analysis to generate four main themes. The 1st theme finds that kitchens in homes represent shared spaces and can be used to enable more flexible energy community actions, such as time shifting. The 2nd theme finds that knowledge networks and neighbourhood needs can be used to engage more people in self-sufficient energy production actions together, with photovoltaics and batteries. The 3rd theme finds that without physical community plots, energy services disengage community management actions by creating artificial digital spaces, such as subscription services. The 4th theme finds that civic generosity genuinely excites citizen sharing actions of excess energy with other actors, for public services. Moreover, differences were found with how individuals interact in current energy systems and how communities might interact in future energy systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2026
Keywords
Citizen design, Energy production, Management, Renewable energy community, Sharing, Video interviews
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373137 (URN)10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114960 (DOI)001614931300002 ()2-s2.0-105020855392 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20251201

Available from: 2025-12-01 Created: 2025-12-01 Last updated: 2026-01-15Bibliographically approved
3. Assessing the impact of energy coaching with smart technology interventions to alleviate energy poverty
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing the impact of energy coaching with smart technology interventions to alleviate energy poverty
Show others...
2025 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 15, no 1, article id 969Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Energy poverty affects 550,000 homes in the Netherlands yet policy interventions to alleviate this issue are rare. Therefore, we test two energy coaching interventions in Amsterdam: a static information group (n = 67) which received energy efficient products and one energy-use report, and a smart information group (n = 50), which also had a display providing real-time feedback on energy-use. Results across both groups, show a 75% success rate for alleviating energy poverty. On average homes reduced monthly electricity consumption by 62 kWh (33%), gas by 41 m3 (42%), bills by €104 (53%) and percentage of income spent on energy from 10.1% to 5.3%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025
Keywords
income, consumption, efficiency, Energy poverty, intervention, smart-technology
National Category
Energy Systems Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359289 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-80773-9 (DOI)001397260500041 ()39805889 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85215586886 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20250130

Available from: 2025-01-29 Created: 2025-01-29 Last updated: 2026-01-15Bibliographically approved
4. What is the impact of a community smart fridge?: Investigating food waste, food insecurity and food interactions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>What is the impact of a community smart fridge?: Investigating food waste, food insecurity and food interactions
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Food Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375462 (URN)
Note

QC 20260115

Available from: 2026-01-15 Created: 2026-01-15 Last updated: 2026-01-15Bibliographically approved
5. Energy Poverty Policy Predictions (EP3): Assessing long term impacts of energy poverty policies on household needs
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Energy Poverty Policy Predictions (EP3): Assessing long term impacts of energy poverty policies on household needs
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375463 (URN)
Note

QC 20260115

Available from: 2026-01-15 Created: 2026-01-15 Last updated: 2026-01-15Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

summary(31139 kB)180 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 31139 kBChecksum SHA-512
9f8df01ad13bbbada6d8055b9ed91104af46147d20a229d379daebbf6e87c1618fdf94abf0a3c2caccb861b267464f5540e9a40f491be124795ad97fd57d77c7
Type summaryMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Llewellyn, Joseph

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Llewellyn, Joseph
By organisation
Strategic Sustainability Studies
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 3552 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf