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A bilevel multistage stochastic self-scheduling model with indivisibilities for trading in the continuous intraday electricity market
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4854-976x
Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Engn Div, Livermore, CA USA.
2026 (English)In: European Journal of Operational Research, ISSN 0377-2217, E-ISSN 1872-6860, Vol. 328, no 3, p. 966-988Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, we study the profit maximization problem of a virtual power plant trading in the continuous intraday electricity market. Our virtual power plant model is compatible with renewable, and thermal assets, covering a range of virtual power plants currently participating in energy markets. We model the trading problem as a bilevel multistage stochastic program. The upper level of the problem accounts for the profit maximization of the virtual power plant with explicit modeling of the technical constraints of the operational status of the thermal power plant including minimum start-up and shut-down times, ramp-up and ramp-down rates, and minimum generation level. The upper level also decides which continuous and indivisible (fill-or-kill) orders are submitted to the market. The lower-level problem accounts for the clearing of the continuous intraday market, i.e., matching of buy and sell orders. Because of the presence of fill-or-kill orders, the lower-level problem is mixed-integer, which prevents its direct conversion to a single-level problem using duality. In order to solve this challenging problem, we develop a convex-hull extended formulation for the lower-level problem, apply duality theory to obtain a single-level stochastic equivalent formulation, and employ McCormick envelopes to turn the problem into a multistage stochastic mixed-integer linear problem, which we solve using the stochastic dual dynamic integer programming algorithm. We conduct numerical experiments and analyze the optimal trading behavior of a virtual power plant trading in an ideal continuous market without arbitrage.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2026. Vol. 328, no 3, p. 966-988
Keywords [en]
Stochastic programming, Continuous intraday electricity market, Bilevel multistage stochastic programming problem, Convex hull, Stochastic dual dynamic integer programming
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375502DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2025.06.002ISI: 001600462100016Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105010078093OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-375502DiVA, id: diva2:2033000
Note

QC 20260128

Available from: 2026-01-28 Created: 2026-01-28 Last updated: 2026-01-28Bibliographically approved

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Shinde, Priyanka

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