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Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage and Multi-Stage Transformer Solutions for Electrolyzer Plants Supplied from HVDC Grids
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4883-9070
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9420-1887
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1755-1365
2025 (English)In: 2025 Energy Conversion Congress and Expo Europe, ECCE Europe 2025 - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

As the demand for hydrogen increases, large-scale electrolyzer plants powered by renewable energy sources are gaining attention. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grids can be used to supply these plants, as they are widely employed to transmit large amounts of renewable energy over long distances. In this paper, a low-frequency transformer-based solution for providing the required output voltage for electrolyzers is explored. Specifically, this paper focuses on designing a transformer cascade that enables high-ratio, high-power voltage conversion. The applicability of transformer scaling laws to this scenario is examined and the increase in transformer window size at different voltage ratings is analyzed. A detailed comparison of single-stage and two-stage transformer solutions is performed, considering factors such as material usage, losses, and leakage impedance. The proposed solutions are modeled and simulated using Ansys Maxwell software. The results indicate that the increase in material costs for a two-stage solution is considerably lower than predicted by conventional scaling laws.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2025.
Keywords [en]
electrolyzer, HVDC, rectifier, transformer
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376407DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-Europe62795.2025.11238969Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105027572069OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-376407DiVA, id: diva2:2036099
Conference
2025 Energy Conversion Congress and Expo Europe, ECCE Europe 2025, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, August 31 - September 4, 2025
Note

Part of ISBN 9798331567521

QC 20260206

Available from: 2026-02-06 Created: 2026-02-06 Last updated: 2026-02-06Bibliographically approved

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Shubnaya, AnnaRaki, AshkanNee, Hans-Peter

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