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Power-tunable multicolor upconversion in nanocrystals under single-wavelength excitation
Zhejiang Univ, Taizhou Hosp, Zhejiang Engn Res Ctr Intelligent Med Imaging Sens, Taizhou, Peoples R China; Zhejiang Univ, Coll Opt Sci & Engn, Natl Engn Res Ctr Opt Instruments, Ctr Opt & Electromagnet Res, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
Harbin Engn Univ, Key Lab Infiber Integrated Opt, Minist Educ China, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China; Harbin Engn Univ, Sch Phys & Optoelect Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.
Harbin Engn Univ, Sch Phys & Optoelect Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.
Univ Rovira i Virgili, Dept Quim Fis & Inorgan, Campus Sescelades, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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2026 (English)In: Materials Horizons, ISSN 2051-6347, E-ISSN 2051-6355, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 1508-1516Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time tunable upconversion luminescence in three primary colors using a single excitation wavelength of 980 nm, via altering the excitation intensity. A core/shell/shell nanocrystal of about 50 nm diameter was synthesized using a design strategy with 2% Er3+ and 98% Yb3+ in the core, and the outer shell is made of NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ (with 2% Tm3+ and 18% Yb3+), separated by an inert intermediate shell. This rationally designed architecture enables green, red, and blue light emissions by modulating the excitation power density, leveraging the photon-order-dependent upconversion process. As the power density of the 980 nm continuous-wave (CW) laser increases, the emission color shifts systematically from green to red and ultimately to blue, corresponding to the involvement of 2-photon, 3-photon, and 4-photon processes, respectively. Chromaticity coordinate shifts on the CIE diagram validated this dynamic color modulation, demonstrating precise control over emission pathways. The findings offer a simplified yet highly versatile excitation setup for full RGB tunability, paving the way for advancements in photonics and enabling possibilities in high-resolution color display and biomedical applications. 

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Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) , 2026. Vol. 13, no 3, p. 1508-1516
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URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376203DOI: 10.1039/d5mh01409cISI: 001613462000001PubMedID: 41229391Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105029690571OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-376203DiVA, id: diva2:2036980
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QC 20260209

Available from: 2026-02-09 Created: 2026-02-09 Last updated: 2026-02-18Bibliographically approved

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