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Virtual Reality for Pain Management: Designing a Patient-Centred Post-Surgical VR Application for Cardiothoracic Patients
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Engineering Design.
2026 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

This project addresses the need for a patient‑centred medical Virtual Reality (VR) application developed through exploratory user research, given the current lack of interventions grounded in a deep understanding of patients’ needs and preferences. The study investigated how VR could potentially support post-surgical recovery for adult cardiothoracic surgery patients, with a focus on reducing pain, easing anxiety, and improving emotional well-being. Its purpose was to gain a deeper understanding of patients’ post-operative experiences and translate these insights into the design of an Extended Reality (XR) application. The study was exploratory and qualitative, aiming to understand patient experiences rather than evaluate clinical effects.

A background study consisting of a literature review and market analysis led to the development of a VR content categorisation framework, the Passivity-Activity Continuum. The main study included observations, study visits, interviews with patients, a clinical psychologist, and nurses, as well as a survey and a trigger material exercise. Insights from the interviews are presented as insight cards and Point-of-View (POV) statements.

Together, the background study and the main study informed the design requirements for the application. An ideation workshop and an affinity-mapping session generated three early concepts, followed by a refinement process that resulted in the final concept. After testing with professionals and patients, a mid-fidelity illustrative prototype was created in Figma. This prototype can be further tested and developed in future work.

The project contributes a set of empirically grounded insights into post-surgical patient needs and a design concept that operationalises these insights into a structured platform for VR-based support. 

Abstract [sv]

Detta projekt möter behovet av en medicinsk Virtual Reality (VR)-applikation för patienter utvecklad genom utforskande användarstudier, med tanke på den nuvarande bristen på interventioner som bygger på en djup förståelse av patienters behov och preferenser. Studien undersökte hur VR potentiellt kan stödja återhämtningen efter hjärt- och thoraxkirurgi hos vuxna patienter, med fokus på att minska smärta, lindra oro och stödja emotionellt välbefinnande. Syftet var att få en djupare förståelse för patienters postoperativa upplevelser och använda dessa insikter i designen av en Extended Reality (XR) applikation. Studien var utforskande och kvalitativ och syftade till att förstå patientupplevelser snarare än att utvärdera kliniska effekter.

En bakgrundsstudie bestående av en litteraturstudie och en marknadsanalys ledde till utvecklingen av ett kategoriseringsramverk för VR-innehåll, Passivity–Activity Continuum. Huvudstudien omfattade observationer, studiebesök, intervjuer med patienter, en klinisk psykolog och sjuksköterskor, samt en enkät och en övning med triggermaterial. Insikter från intervjuerna presenteras som insight cards och Point-of-View (POV)-påståenden.

Tillsammans informerade bakgrundsstudien och huvudstudien de designkrav som togs fram för applikationen. En idégenereringsworkshop och en ”affinity mapping” session resulterade i tre tidiga koncept, följt av en förfiningsprocess som ledde fram till det slutliga konceptet. Efter tester med både vårdpersonal och patienter utvecklades en prototyp med medel fidelitet i Figma. Denna prototyp kan fortsätta att testas och utvecklas i framtida arbete.

Projektet bidrar med ett antal empiriskt grundade insikter om postoperativa patientbehov samt ett designkoncept som implementerar dessa insikter i en strukturerad plattform för VR-baserat stöd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026. , p. 124
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2026:18
Keywords [en]
Virtual reality (VR); postoperative recovery; pain management; patient-centred design; cardiothoracic surgery
Keywords [sv]
Virtual reality (VR); postoperativ återhämtning; smärthantering; patientcentrerad design; kardiotorakal kirurgi
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376579OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-376579DiVA, id: diva2:2037278
External cooperation
LAIXR Amsterdam. LUMC Leiden University Medical Centre
Educational program
Master of Science - Integrated Product Design
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-02-10 Created: 2026-02-10 Last updated: 2026-02-13

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