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Large Deviations and Related Topics in Random Conformal Geometry
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.).
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis explores three models of random processes in the complex plane:

Schramm–Loewner evolution, the Hastings-Levitov model, and Dyson Brownian

motion. A common theme throughout the thesis is the large deviation principle

(LDP), which gives rise to functionals, called rate functions, which have intrinsic

connections with the geometry of the models.

Paper A presents a proof of the LDP for chordal Schramm–Loewner evo-

lution, SLE𝜅, in the upper half-plane, as 𝜅 → 0+, in the topology of locally

uniform convergence. The Loewner energy functional controls large deviations

and is shown to be a good rate function.

Paper B studies large deviations of the Hastings-Levitov HL(0) model in the

small-particle limit, i.e., when the number of particles tends to infinity and the

one-particle capacity vanishes while their product remains constant. In partic-

ular, the growing cluster of particles attached to the unit disk is described via

Loewner evolution, and we prove the LDP for the corresponding family of driving

measures, with the rate function equal to the relative entropy. The LDP at the

level of conformal maps is obtained via the contraction principle and leads to

an interesting minimization problem of finding a driving measure with minimal

relative entropy that produces a given cluster shape. We show that the class of

shapes generated by finite-entropy Loewner evolution contains all Weil-Petersson

and Becker quasicircles, a non-simple curve, and a Jordan curve with a cusp.

Paper C proposes a rigorous definition of Dyson Brownian motion on a

rectifiable Jordan curve. We show that the process can be constructed for inverse

temperatures 𝛽 ≥ 1, and that the transition probability function satisfies the

Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation. Under additional smoothness assumptions

on the curve, we prove convergence to the stationary Coulomb gas distribution

on the curve, study large deviations at low temperature, and derive a mean-field

McKean–Vlasov equation in the hydrodynamical limit.

Paper D defines Dyson Brownian motion on a circular arc and is complemen-

tary to Paper C. The process exists for all 𝛽 > 0, and its transition probability

function satisfies the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation with reflecting bound-

ary conditions. The process is ergodic and its stationary distribution is given by

the Coulomb gas density on the circular arc.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling utforskar tre modeller av stokastiska geometri i det komplexa

planet: SLE-kurvor, Hastings-Levitov-modellen och Dyson Brownsk rörelse. Ett

genomgående tema i avhandlingen är stora avvikelser, vilken ger upphov till stora

avvikelse-funktionaler med inneboende kopplingar till modellernas geometri.

I Artikel A presenteras ett bevis av en stora avvikelser-sats för Schramm–

Loewner evolution, SLE𝜅, i det övre halvplanet, då 𝜅 → 0+, i topologin för lokalt

likformig konvergens. Stora avvikelse-funktionalen ges i detta fall av Loewneren-

ergin.

I Artikel B studerar vi stora avvikelser hos Hastings-Levitov-modellen HL(0)

i en viss skalgräns när antalet partiklar går mot oändligheten och kapaciteten för

varje enskild partikel går mot noll medan deras produkt förblir konstant. Speciellt

studeras partikelkluster via Loewners differentialekvation och vi bevisar en stora

avvikelser-sats för tillhörande drivmått, med stora avvikelse-funktionalen given

av den relativa entropin. Stora avvikelser-satsen på nivån för konforma avbild-

ningar erhålls via kontraktionsprincipen och leder till ett intressant minimer-

ingsproblem som går ut på att hitta ett drivmått med minimal relativ entropi

som producerar ett givet kluster. Vi visar att klassen av kluster som genereras av

Loewnerevolution med ändlig entropi innehåller alla Weil-Petersson- och Becker-

kvasicirklar, en självskärande kurva samt en Jordankurva med en spets.

I Artikel C ges en rigorös definition av Dyson Brownsk rörelse på en rekti-

fierbar Jordankurva. Vi visar att processen kan konstrueras för inversa temper-

aturer 𝛽 ≥ 1 och att övergångssannolikhetsfunktionen uppfyller Fokker–Planck–

Kolmogorov-ekvationen. Under ytterligare antaganden om kurvans släthet be-

visar vi konvergens mot den stationära Coulomb-gasfördelningen på kurvan, stud-

erar stora avvikelser vid låg temperatur och härleder en medelfälts-McKean–

Vlasov-ekvation i den hydrodynamiska gränsen.

I Artikel D definieras Dyson Brownsk rörelse på en cirkelbåge. Processen

existerar för alla värden 𝛽 > 0 och dess övergångssannolikhetsfunktion uppfyller

Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov-ekvationen med reflekterande randvillkor. Processen

är ergodisk och dess stationära fördelning ges av Coulomb-gastätheten på cirkel-

bågen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026.
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:72
National Category
Mathematical sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376750ISBN: 978-91-8106-493-3 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-376750DiVA, id: diva2:2038544
Public defence
2026-03-12, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2026-02-13

Available from: 2026-02-13 Created: 2026-02-13 Last updated: 2026-02-23Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. A large deviation principle for the Schramm–Loewner evolution in the uniform topology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A large deviation principle for the Schramm–Loewner evolution in the uniform topology
2023 (English)In: Annales Fennici Mathematici, ISSN 2737-0690, E-ISSN 2737-114X, Vol. 48, no 1, p. 389-410Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We establish a large deviation principle for chordal SLEκ parametrized by capacity, as the parameter κ→0+, in the topology generated by uniform convergence on compact intervals of the positive real line. The rate function is shown to equal the Loewner energy of the curve. This strengthens the recent result of Peltola and Wang who obtained the analogous statement using the Hausdorff topology.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Finnish Mathematical Society, 2023
Keywords
Schramm–Loewner evolution, large deviation principle, Loewner energy
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics Mathematical Analysis
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-329772 (URN)10.54330/afm.130997 (DOI)001025809000006 ()2-s2.0-85166348637 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230626

Available from: 2023-06-22 Created: 2023-06-22 Last updated: 2026-03-30Bibliographically approved
2. Loewner–Kufarev entropy and large deviations of the Hastings–Levitov model
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Loewner–Kufarev entropy and large deviations of the Hastings–Levitov model
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We consider the Hastings--Levitov HL(0) model in the small particle scaling limit and prove a large deviation principle. The rate function is given by the relative entropy of the driving measure ρ for the Loewner--Kufarev equation: 

H(ρ)=12π∬ρ¯t(θ)logρ¯t(θ)dθdt,

whenever

ρ=ρ¯tdθdt/2π with ∫S1ρ¯tdθ/2π=1. 

We investigate the class of shapes that can be generated by finite entropy Loewner evolution and show that it contains all Weil-Petersson quasicircles, all Becker quasicircles, a Jordan curve with a cusp, and a non-simple curve. We also consider the problem of finding a measure of minimal entropy generating a given shape as well as a simplified version of the problem for a related transport equation. 

National Category
Mathematical sciences
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376747 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2512.02855 (DOI)
Note

QC 20260216

Available from: 2026-02-13 Created: 2026-02-13 Last updated: 2026-02-16Bibliographically approved
3. Dyson Brownian motion on a Jordan curve
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dyson Brownian motion on a Jordan curve
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Mathematical sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376748 (URN)
Note

QC 20260216

Available from: 2026-02-13 Created: 2026-02-13 Last updated: 2026-02-16Bibliographically approved
4. Dyson Brownian motion on a circular arc
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dyson Brownian motion on a circular arc
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Mathematical sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376749 (URN)
Note

QC 20260216

Available from: 2026-02-13 Created: 2026-02-13 Last updated: 2026-02-16Bibliographically approved

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